{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:23:18Z","timestamp":1788877398235,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"he National Project for Prevention and Control of Transboundary Animal Diseases","award":["2017YFD0501804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0501804"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["SBE2019740307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBE2019740307"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which causes Rift Valley fever (RVF), is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes serious morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. RVF is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority disease and, together with rabies, is a major health burden in Africa. Here, we present the development and characterization of an inactivated recombinant RVFV and rabies virus (RABV) vaccine candidate (rSRV9-eGn). Immunization with rSRV9-eGn stimulated the production of RVFV-specific IgG antibodies and induced humoral and cellular immunity in mice but did not induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. IgG1 and IgG2a were the main isotypes observed by IgG subtype detection, and IgG3 antibodies were not detected. The ratios of IgG1\/IgG2a &gt; 1 indicated a Type 2 humoral immune response. An effective vaccine is intended to establish a long-lived population of memory T cells, and mice generated memory cells among the proliferating T cell population after immunization with rSRV9-eGn, with effector memory T cells (TEM) as the major population. Due to the lack of prophylactic treatment experiments, it is impossible to predict whether this vaccine can protect animals from RVFV infection with only high titres of anti-RVFV IgG antibodies and no neutralizing antibodies induced, and thus, protection confirmation needs further verification. However, this RVFV vaccine designed with RABV as the vector provides ideas for the development of vaccines that prevent RVFV and RABV infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T03:14:33Z","timestamp":1570590873000},"page":"919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Genetically Modified Rabies Virus Vector-Based Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine is Safe and Induces Efficacious Immune Responses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"},{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feihu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hualei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuxue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6655-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhai","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiecheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songtao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongkun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12291","article-title":"Vector competence of Culex antennatus and Anopheles 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