{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:30:45Z","timestamp":1776785445489,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFD0500108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0500108"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the highly contagious transboundary viral diseases of small ruminants. Host microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns may change in response to virus infection, and it mainly works as a post-transcriptional moderator in gene expression and affects viral pathogenesis and replication. In this study, the change of miRNA expression profile in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBMC) from sheep inoculated with PPR vaccine virus in vivo as well as primary sheep testicular (ST) cells inoculated with PPR vaccine virus in vitro were determined via deep sequencing technology. In PBMC cells, 373 and 115 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified 3 days and 5 days post inoculated (dpi), respectively. While, 575 DEmiRNAs were identified when comparing miRNA profiles on 5 dpi with 3 dpi. Some of the DEmiRNAs were found to change significantly via time-course during PPR vaccine virus inoculated. Similarly, in ST cells, 136 DEmiRNAs were identified at 3 dpi in comparison with mock-inoculation. A total of 12 DEmiRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The oar-miR-150, oar-miR-370-3p and oar-miR-411b-3p were found common differentially expressed in both PPR vaccine virus-inoculated PBMC cells and ST cells. Targets prediction and functional analysis of the DEmiRNAs uncovered mainly gathering in antigen processing and presentation pathways, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways and cell adhesion molecules pathways. Our study supplies information about the DEmiRNAs in PPR vaccine virus-inoculated PBMC cells and ST cells, and provides clues for further understanding the function of miRNAs in PPR vaccine virus replication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11111025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T06:47:57Z","timestamp":1572936477000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["MicroRNA Expression Profile in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Sheep Vaccinated with Nigeria 75\/1 Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueliang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangle","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-7661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-4-221","article-title":"Vive la difference: Biogenesis and evolution of microRNAs in plants and animals","volume":"12","author":"Axtell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function","volume":"116","author":"Bartel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.002","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions","volume":"136","author":"Bartel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.09.009","article-title":"The diverse functions of microRNAs in animal development and disease","volume":"11","author":"Kloosterman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.01.012","article-title":"Analysis of the miRNA expression profile in an Aedes albopictus cell line in response to bluetongue virus infection","volume":"39","author":"Xing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425912473668","article-title":"Expression of innate immune genes, proteins and microRNAs in lung tissue of pigs infected experimentally with influenza virus (H1N2)","volume":"19","author":"Skovgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Innate. Immun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.03.037","article-title":"Integration analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in swine testis cells infected with Japanese encephalitis virus","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29910","DOI":"10.4161\/mco.29910","article-title":"Regulation of viral oncogenesis by microRNAs","volume":"1","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrinet, J., Jain, S., Jain, J., Bhatnagar, R.K., and Sunil, S. (2014). Next generation sequencing reveals regulation of distinct Aedes microRNAs during chikungunya virus development. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002616"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn1004","article-title":"Cellular versus viral microRNAs in host-virus interaction","volume":"37","author":"Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8215","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02575-07","article-title":"Liver-specific microRNA miR-122 enhances the replication of hepatitis C virus in nonhepatic cells","volume":"82","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00549-12","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00549-12","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of small RNAs from HIV-infected cells identifies phased microrna expression patterns and candidate novel microRNAs differentially expressed upon infection","volume":"4","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Brahmakshatriya, V., Zhu, H., Lupiani, B., Reddy, S.M., Yoon, B.J., Gunaratne, P.H., Kim, J.H., Chen, R., and Wang, J. (2009). Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in chicken lung and trachea with avian influenza virus infection by a deep sequencing approach. BMC Genom., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-512"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425939","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/425939","article-title":"Identification of microRNAs involved in the host response to enterovirus 71 infection by a deep sequencing approach","volume":"2010","author":"Cui","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.02.013","article-title":"The threat of peste des petits ruminants: Progress in vaccine development for disease control","volume":"25","author":"Diallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(96)01312-3","article-title":"Geographic distribution and epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus","volume":"43","author":"Shaila","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.9.4.532","article-title":"Peste des petits ruminants","volume":"9","author":"Lefevre","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(96)00025-9","article-title":"The isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from northern India","volume":"51","author":"Nanda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.11.022","article-title":"A real time RT-PCR assay for the specific detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus","volume":"171","author":"Batten","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.01.013","article-title":"Full genome sequence of peste des petits ruminants virus, a member of the Morbillivirus genus","volume":"110","author":"Bailey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abera, T., Thangavelu, A., Joy Chandran, N.D., and Raja, A. (2014). A SYBR Green I based real time RT-PCR assay for specific detection and quantitation of Peste des petits ruminants virus. BMC Vet. Res., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-22"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-010-0152-3","article-title":"Measles virus-induced immunosuppression: From effectors to mechanisms","volume":"199","author":"Avota","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524013363960","article-title":"Measles virus induced immunosuppression: Targets and effector mechanisms","volume":"1","author":"Niewiesk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"405","article-title":"Apoptosis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by wild-type measles virus infection is induced by interaction of hemagglutinin protein and cellular receptor, SLAM via caspase-dependent pathway","volume":"54","author":"Iwasa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0153-8","article-title":"Genomic analysis of host - Peste des petits ruminants vaccine viral transcriptome uncovers transcription factors modulating immune regulatory pathways","volume":"46","author":"Manjunath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-5-1157","article-title":"Measles virus-induced modulation of host-cell gene expression","volume":"83","author":"Bolt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01146","article-title":"Modulation of Host miRNAs Transcriptome in Lung and Spleen of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infected Sheep and Goats","volume":"8","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0565-3","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiling of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to peste des petits ruminants virus infection","volume":"49","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02631","article-title":"Dysregulated miRNAome and Proteome of PPRV Infected Goat PBMCs Reveal a Coordinated Immune Response","volume":"9","author":"Khanduri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp612","article-title":"DEGseq: An R package for identifying differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.top084970","article-title":"RNA Sequencing and Analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Kukurba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2007.09.006","article-title":"Real-time PCR quantification of precursor and mature microRNA","volume":"44","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-015-0009-y","article-title":"The expression profile of Aedes albopictus miRNAs is altered by dengue virus serotype-2 infection","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10372","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10372","article-title":"Roles of small RNAs in the effects of nutrition on apoptosis and spermatogenesis in the adult testis","volume":"5","author":"Guan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18470","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18470","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of microRNAs identifies the lipid metabolism pathway to be a defining factor in adipose tissue from different sheep","volume":"5","author":"Miao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagana, A., Veneziano, D., Spata, T., Tang, R., Zhu, H., Mohler, P.J., and Kilic, A. (2015). Identification of General and Heart-Specific miRNAs in Sheep (Ovis aries). PLoS One., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143313"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2012.141116","article-title":"Peste des petits ruminants virus, Tunisia, 2012-2013","volume":"20","author":"Sghaier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134243","article-title":"Viruses, microRNAs, and host interactions","volume":"64","author":"Skalsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.01.029","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiling of primary sheep testicular cells in response to bluetongue virus infection","volume":"49","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37983","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37983","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of miRNAs in the ovaries of Jining Grey and Laiwu Black goats to explore the regulation of fecundity","volume":"6","author":"Miao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20263","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20263","article-title":"Dynamic changes in global microRNAome and transcriptome reveal complex miRNA-mRNA regulated host response to Japanese Encephalitis Virus in microglial cells","volume":"6","author":"Kumari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-0963-1","article-title":"The expression profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell miRNA is altered by antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with dengue virus serotype 3","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-018-3298-8","article-title":"Serum miRNA-27a and miRNA-18b as potential predictive biomarkers of hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"447","author":"Rashad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2017-0170","article-title":"miRNA-based strategy for modulation of influenza A virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Keshavarz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8457","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00317-14","article-title":"Expression of mosquito microRNA Aae-miR-2940-5p is down-regulated in response to West Nile virus infection to restrict viral replication","volume":"88","author":"Slonchak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01156-09","article-title":"Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance and the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway by microRNA miR-122 involves distinct mechanisms","volume":"84","author":"Norman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.12.014","article-title":"Comparative and temporal transcriptome analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"229","author":"Manjunath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"231","article-title":"Relationship between the level of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule mRNA and replication of Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of host animals","volume":"52","author":"Pawar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871","article-title":"The functions of animal microRNAs","volume":"431","author":"Ambros","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.01.003","article-title":"MicroRNA-150 promote apoptosis of ovine ovarian granulosa cells by targeting STAR gene","volume":"127","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2018.4602","article-title":"microRNA-370 Promotes Cell Growth by Targeting WNK2 in Breast Cancer","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2018.1535594","article-title":"Let-7 microRNA as a potential therapeutic target with implications for immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Gilles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1405","article-title":"Protective Effect of let-7 miRNA Family in Regulating Inflammation in Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Brennan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21257","article-title":"The Role of miR-21 in Cancer","volume":"76","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Chen, J., Wang, H., Shi, J., Wu, K., Liu, S., Liu, Y., and Wu, J. (2013). HCV-induced miR-21 contributes to evasion of host immune system by targeting MyD88 and IRAK1. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003248"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.020","article-title":"miR-21 promotes dengue virus serotype 2 replication in HepG2 cells","volume":"142","author":"Kanokudom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000741","article-title":"Brief Report: Coordinated Modulation of Circulating miR-21 in HIV, HIV-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, and HIV\/Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection","volume":"70","author":"Parikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune. Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, G.D., Huang, T.J., Peng, L.X., Yang, C.F., Liu, R.Y., Huang, H.B., Chu, Q.Q., Yang, H.J., Huang, J.L., and Zhu, Z.Y. (2013). Epstein-Barr Virus_Encoded LMP1 upregulates microRNA-21 to promote the resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin-induced Apoptosis by suppressing PDCD4 and Fas-L. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078355"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29489","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection induces miR-21 in terminally differentiated malignant B cells","volume":"137","author":"Anastasiadou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00503","article-title":"A Novel Murine Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model and the Pathogenic Role of MicroRNA-21","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.02.007","article-title":"A Broad RNA Virus Survey Reveals Both miRNA Dependence and Functional Sequestration","volume":"19","author":"Scheel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.118.200947","article-title":"Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Reveals Functional miRNA-Targets in Development Testes of Small Tail Han Sheep","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"G3 (Bethesda)"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(00)00214-8","article-title":"Apoptosis induced by peste des petits ruminants virus in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"73","author":"Mondal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12420","article-title":"miR-181a\/b therapy in lung cancer: Reality or myth?","volume":"13","author":"Braicu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.110603","article-title":"miR-181a promotes porcine granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting TGFBR1 via the activin signaling pathway","volume":"499","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109216","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2109216","article-title":"Propofol Protects Rat Cardiomyocytes from Anthracycline-Induced Apoptosis by Regulating MicroRNA-181a In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"2018","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Shi, X., Peng, X., Li, Y., Ma, H., Li, D., and Cao, X. (2019). MicroRNA-181a exerts anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the ERK pathway in mice with intervertebral disc degeneration. J. Cell. Physiol.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29171"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.5A0316-119RR","article-title":"Protection of CD4+ T cells from hepatitis C virus infection-associated senescence via DeltaNp63-miR-181a-Sirt1 pathway","volume":"100","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, G.L., Sun, J., Lu, Y., Liu, Y., Cao, H., Zhang, H., and Calin, G.A. (2019). MiR-200 family and cancer: From a meta-analysis view. Mol. Aspects Med.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2019.09.005"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2018-0155","article-title":"Roles of miR-200 family members in lung cancer: More than tumor suppressors","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.141","article-title":"miR-200c targets nuclear factor IA to suppress HBV replication and gene expression via repressing HBV Enhancer I activity","volume":"99","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03584-3","article-title":"Oncofetal gene SALL4 reactivation by hepatitis B virus counteracts miR-200c in PD-L1-induced T cell exhaustion","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.21502","article-title":"Identification and Analysis of P53-Mediated Competing Endogenous RNA Network in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8869","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1037-5","article-title":"Resveratrol Acts Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective in an Infant Rat Model of Pneumococcal Meningitis by Modulating the Hippocampal miRNome","volume":"55","author":"Araujo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-019-0160-2","article-title":"Inhibition of miR-19a protects neurons against ischemic stroke through modulating glucose metabolism and neuronal apoptosis","volume":"24","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24747","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24747","article-title":"Autophagy inhibition of hsa-miR-19a-3p\/19b-3p by targeting TGF-beta R II during TGF-beta1-induced fibrogenesis in human cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"6","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43897","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14915","article-title":"miRNA-1246 induces pro-inflammatory responses in mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells by regulating PKA and PP2A","volume":"8","author":"Bott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2016.00086","article-title":"MicroRNAs in the Host Response to Viral Infections of Veterinary Importance","volume":"3","author":"Samir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.04.022","article-title":"A Single miRNA-mRNA Interaction Affects the Immune Response in a Context- and Cell-Type-Specific Manner","volume":"43","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"3585","article-title":"MicroRNA744 inhibits migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting SOX12","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7167","article-title":"MicroRNA744 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer via targeting brainderived neurotrophic factor","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"1826","article-title":"microRNA574 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme by directly targeting zinc finger Eboxbinding homeobox 1","volume":"18","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2016.5196","article-title":"Downregulation of microRNA574 in cancer stem cells causes recurrence of prostate cancer via targeting REL","volume":"36","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/11\/11\/1025\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:31:55Z","timestamp":1760189515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/11\/11\/1025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["v11111025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v11111025","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]}}}