{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:02:08Z","timestamp":1787860928010,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["440593\/2016-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["440593\/2016-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that occurs throughout the Americas, and is considered a public health threat. In Brazil, SLEV has been detected from human cases associated with dengue-like disease, but no neurological symptoms were reported. Furthermore, the epidemiology of SLEV in human populations is still poorly explored in the country. We reported serological and molecular detection of SLEV in a healthy population of equids and humans from rural areas in Southeast Brazil. A plaque reduction neutralization test was applied, and neutralizing antibodies were detected in 11 individuals (4.6%) and 60 horses (21.5%). A qPCR targeting the 5\u2032UTR region and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the non-structural protein (NS5) gene were performed and three individuals tested positive in both assays. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirmed SLEV circulation and its findings suggest the occurrence of an asymptomatic or subclinical presence in human and animal cases, correlating with the risks for outbreaks and consequently burden of SLEV infections to public health. Preventive strategies should include improved surveillance in regions with a high probability of SLEV occurrence, improvement in diagnostic methods, and evaluation of exposure\/risk factors that can favor SLEV emergence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11111029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T06:47:57Z","timestamp":1572936477000},"page":"1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galileu","family":"Barbosa Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Eillany Silva","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Pessoa","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3782-2978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Teresa","family":"Saraiva-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Correia","family":"Crispim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iara Apolin\u00e1rio","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Gabriella Stoffella","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z\u00e9lia In\u00eas Portela","family":"Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa em Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0395-358X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenner Karlison Pimenta","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Retroviroses, Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Escola de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo Bretas","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betania Paiva","family":"Drumond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erna Geessien","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Avenida Presidente Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270901, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giliane de Souza","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. 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