{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:46:52Z","timestamp":1770709612223,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["427416\/2016-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["427416\/2016-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03392\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03392\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00000000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000000000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"INSTITUTO EVANDRO CHAGAS - SVS - MS","award":["000000000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["000000000000"]}]},{"name":"PROPESP\/UFPA","award":["00000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika are diseases caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Brazil, the number of human infections is high, but few studies are performed in mosquito vectors. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from the municipalities of Alto Alegre, Caxias, Cod\u00f3, and S\u00e3o Mateus do Maranh\u00e3o, located in the state of Maranh\u00e3o, Northeast Brazil. The mosquitoes were collected with a mechanical aspirator, identified, triturated, and then submitted to RNA extraction and RT-qPCR. The positive samples were confirmed by virus isolation and genome sequencing. Three hundred and forty-eight Ae. aegypti (176 males and 172 females) and 12 Ae. albopictus (eight males and four females) were collected and tested. Ae. aegypti was the only vector positive in two municipalities\u2014Cod\u00f3, with detection of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belonging to the East-Central-South African genotype, and in Caxias, with detection of Dengue virus (DENV)-2 belonging to the Asian\/American genotype. The detection of CHIKV and DENV-2 is evidence that those viruses are maintained in arthropod vectors, and shows the epidemiological risk in the area for chikungunya cases and a possible increase of severe dengue cases, associated with the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v11121126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T11:16:23Z","timestamp":1575544583000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Natural Infection of Aedes aegypti by Chikungunya and Dengue type 2 Virus in a Transition Area of North-Northeast Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2721-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carine Fortes","family":"Arag\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia dos Agentes Infecciosos e Parasit\u00e1rios, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m, PA 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria Cristina Soares","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Entomologia M\u00e9dica, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o, Caxias, MA 65604-380, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim Pinto","family":"Nunes Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana Vieira Pinto da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glennda Juscely Galv\u00e3o","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna La\u00eds Sena do","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karoline da Silva","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m, PA 66087-670, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariadne Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria na Amaz\u00f4nia, Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m, PA 66087-670, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clistenes Pamplona","family":"Catete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia Car\u00edcio","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanderli Pedro","family":"Tadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mal\u00e1ria e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\u00f4nia, Manaus, CEP 69060-001, Manaus - AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7185-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro Patroca da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4607-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cec\u00edlia Ribeiro","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorr\u00e1gicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Le\u00e3o, R.N.Q., Bichara, C.N.C., Fraiha Neto, H., and Vasconcelos, P.F.d.C. (2013). Arboviroses. Medicina Tropical e Infectologia na Amaz\u00f4nia, Samauma Editorial."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.03.003","article-title":"Urbanization and geographic expansion of zoonotic arboviral diseases: mechanisms and potential strategies for prevention","volume":"21","author":"Weaver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0397-2017","article-title":"Large outbreaks of Chikungunya virus in Brazil reveal uncommon clinical features and fatalities","volume":"50","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"9","article-title":"Arbov\u00edrus: importante zoonose na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira","volume":"20","author":"Casseb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootec."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"55","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas gerais e epidemiologia dos arbov\u00edrus emergentes no Brasil","volume":"5","author":"Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Pan-Amaz\u00f4nica Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Von Arboviroses emergentes no Brasil: desafios para a cl\u00ednica e implica\u00e7\u00f5es para a sa\u00fade p\u00fablica","volume":"51","author":"Donalisio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2019, September 20). Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade Monitoramento dos casos de arboviroses urbanas transmitidas pelo Aedes (dengue, chikungunya e Zika): Semanas Epidemiol\u00f3gicas 1 a 36, Available online: https:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2019\/outubro\/04\/BE-multitematico-n28.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villabona-Arenas, C.J., and Zanotto, P.M.A. (2013). Worldwide Spread of Dengue Virus Type 1. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062649"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22356","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22356","article-title":"Highly divergent dengue virus type 1 genotype sets a new distance record","volume":"6","author":"Pyke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45505","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45505","article-title":"Global evolutionary history and spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue virus type 2","volume":"7","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000300021","article-title":"Dengue virus type 3 in Brazil: A phylogenetic perspective","volume":"104","author":"Bello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.10.006","article-title":"Genetic Variation between Dengue Virus Type 4 Strains Impacts Human Antibody Binding and Neutralization","volume":"25","author":"Gallichotte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2017, December 13). Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia e Sa\u00fade Monitoramento dos casos de dengue at\u00e9 a semana epidemiol\u00f3gica (SE) 38 e febre de chikungunya at\u00e9 a SE 39 de 2014, Available online: http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2014\/outubro\/03\/BE-2014-45--23----Dengue--SE38--e-CHIKV--SE39-.pdf."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150192","article-title":"First report of autochthonous transmission of Zika virus in Brazil","volume":"110","author":"Zanluca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, M.R.T., Faria, N.R., Vasconcelos, J.M., Golding, N., Kraemer, M.U., Oliveira, L.F., Azevedo, R.d.S.d.S., Silva, D.E.A., Silva, E.V.P., and Silva, S.P. (2015). Emergence and potential for spread of Chikungunya virus in Brazil. BMC Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0348-x"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2016.07.008","article-title":"Neonatal encephalitis due to Chikungunya vertical transmission: First report in Brazil","volume":"5","author":"Bandeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0306","article-title":"Case report: Guillain-barr\u00e9 syndrome after zika virus infection in Brazil","volume":"95","author":"Jesus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1703","article-title":"Neurologic complications associated with the Zika virus in Brazilian adults","volume":"74","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Styczynski, A.R., Malta, J.M.A.S., Krow-Lucal, E.R., Percio, J., N\u00f3brega, M.E., Vargas, A., Lanzieri, T.M., Leite, P.L., Staples, J.E., and Fischer, M.X. (2017). Increased rates of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with Zika virus outbreak in the Salvador metropolitan area, Brazil. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005869"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30727-2","article-title":"Association between microcephaly, Zika virus infection, and other risk factors in Brazil: final report of a case-control study","volume":"18","author":"Ximenes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta, R., Soares, C.N., Medialdea-Carrera, R., Ellul, M., Silva, M.T.T., Rosala-Hallas, A., Jardim, M.R., Burnside, G., Pamplona, L., and Bhojak, M. (2018). The spectrum of neurological disease associated with Zika and chikungunya viruses in adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A case series. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006212"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vissoci, J.R.N., Rocha, T.A.H., Silva, N.C.d., Queiroz, R.C.d.S., Thomaz, E.B.A.F., Amaral, P.V.M., Lein, A., Branco, M.d.R.F.C., Aquino, J., and Rodrigues, Z.M.R. (2018). Zika virus infection and microcephaly: Evidence regarding geospatial associations. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006392"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simonin, Y., van Riel, D., Van de Perre, P., Rockx, B., and Salinas, S. (2017). Differential virulence between Asian and African lineages of Zika virus. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005821"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01239-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01239-16","article-title":"How Did Zika Virus Emerge in the Pacific Islands and Latin America?","volume":"7","author":"Pettersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2019, February 02). Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Monitoramento dos casos de dengue, febre de chikungunya e doen\u00e7a aguda pelo v\u00edrus Zika at\u00e9 a Semana Epidemiol\u00f3gica 52 de 2018, Available online: http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2019\/janeiro\/28\/2019-002.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.03.006","article-title":"Global expansion of chikungunya virus: mapping the 64-year history","volume":"58","author":"Wahid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s13744-017-0520-4","article-title":"Why is Aedes aegypti Linnaeus so Successful as a Species?","volume":"46","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neotrop. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotsakiozi, P., Gloria-Soria, A., Caccone, A., Evans, B., Schama, R., Martins, A.J., and Powell, J.R. (2017). Tracking the return of Aedes aegypti to Brazil, the major vector of the dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005653"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (2019, February 02). S\u00edntese de Indicadores Sociais: Pobreza aumenta e atinge 54,8 milh\u00f5es de pessoas em 2017, Available online: https:\/\/agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br\/agencia-noticias\/2012-agencia-de-noticias\/noticias\/23299-pobreza-aumenta-e-atinge-54-8-milhoes-de-pessoas-em-2017."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2019, June 23). LIRAa aponta 357 munic\u00edpios em situa\u00e7\u00e3o de Risco para dengue, zika e chikungunya, Available online: http:\/\/www.planejamento.gov.br\/aedes\/liraa-aponta-357-municipios-em-situacao-de-risco-para-dengue-zika-e-chikungunya."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822012000200007","article-title":"Variation in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Culicidae) infestation in artificial containers in Caxias, state of Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil","volume":"45","author":"Ibiapina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2174\/1874315301306010005","article-title":"Occurrence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in a Dengue Transmission Area at Coastal Maranh\u00e3o State, Brazil","volume":"6","author":"Bezerra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Trop. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"102","article-title":"Breeding Sites of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Culicidae): study about the containers in dry and rainy seasons in dengue-endemic city","volume":"8","author":"Bezerra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Pesqui. em Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbe.2016.10.003","article-title":"Genetic differentiation in populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) dengue vector from the Brazilian state of Maranh\u00e3o","volume":"61","author":"Sousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Fonseca, R.S., and Barros, M.C. (2018). Densidade populacional de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae) nos criadouros artificiais do munic\u00edpio de Caxias, Maranh\u00e3o. Avan\u00e7os das Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas no Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias (CESC), UEMA."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.06.022","article-title":"Circulation of Chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti in Maranh\u00e3o, Northeast Brazil","volume":"186","author":"Cruz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (2019, February 02). Maranh\u00e3o, Available online: https:\/\/cidades.ibge.gov.br\/brasil\/ma\/panorama."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"808","article-title":"A light weight battery powered aspirator for collecting resting mosquitoes in the field","volume":"41","author":"Nasci","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mosq. News"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Lane, J. (1953). Neotropical Culicidae, Edusp."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Lane, J. (1953). Neotropical Culicidae, Edusp."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Forattini, O.P. (1962). Entomologia M\u00e9dica. Parte geral, Diptera, Anophelini, Faculdade de Higiene e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Forattini, O.P. (1965). Entomologia m\u00e9dica. Culicini: Culex, Aedes e Psorophora, Editora da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Forattini, O.P. (1965). Entomologia m\u00e9dica. Culicini: Haemagogus, Mansonia, Culiseta, Sabethini, Toxorhynchitini, Arboviroses, Filariose bancroftiana, Gen\u00e9tica, Editora da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Forattini, O.P. (2002). Culicidologia M\u00e9dica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consoli, R.A.G.B., and Louren\u00e7o-de-Oliveira, R. (1994). Principais mosquitos de import\u00e2ncia sanit\u00e1ria no Brasil, Editora Fiocruz.","DOI":"10.7476\/9788575412909"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"405","article-title":"A review of the maruins or biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Amazon Basin","volume":"4","author":"Wirth","year":"1973","journal-title":"Amazoniana"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.1053","article-title":"A method for the isolation and identification of dengue viruses, using mosquito cell cultures","volume":"28","author":"Tesh","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/514681","article-title":"Internally Controlled, Generic Real-Time PCR for Quantification and Multiplex Real-Time PCR with Serotype-Specific Probes for Serotyping of Dengue Virus Infections","volume":"2011","author":"Menting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Virol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santiago, G.A., Vergne, E., Quiles, Y., Cosme, J., Vazquez, J., Medina, J.F., Medina, F., Col\u00f3n, C., Margolis, H., and Mu\u00f1oz-Jord\u00e1n, J.L. (2013). Analytical and Clinical Performance of the CDC Real Time RT-PCR Assay for Detection and Typing of Dengue Virus. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/ae27d48b-025f-47ce-8427-4af59f821ad7"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-311","article-title":"Quantitative real-time PCR detection of Zika virus and evaluation with field-caught Mosquitoes","volume":"10","author":"Faye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1305.070015","article-title":"Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006","volume":"13","author":"Lanciotti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Lennette, E.H., Lunette, D.A., and Lenette, E.T. (1995). Arboviruses. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections, American Public Health Association."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.158","article-title":"Mosquito Cell Cultures and Specific Monoclonal Antibodies in Surveillance for Dengue Viruses","volume":"33","author":"Gubler","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts174","article-title":"IDBA-UD: a de novo assembler for single-cell and metagenomic sequencing data with highly uneven depth","volume":"28","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176","article-title":"Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND","volume":"12","author":"Buchfink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5969107","article-title":"MEGAN analysis of metagenomic data","volume":"17","author":"Huson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti263","article-title":"ProtTest: selection of best-fit models of protein evolution","volume":"21","author":"Abascal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2496(02)00028-7","article-title":"Tutorial on maximum likelihood estimation","volume":"47","author":"Myung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Math. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","article-title":"RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies","volume":"30","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2307\/2408678","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000200009","article-title":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o entre incid\u00eancia de dengue, pluviosidade e densidade larv\u00e1ria de Aedes aegypti, no Estado de Goi\u00e1s","volume":"43","author":"Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.11606\/S1518-8787.2018052000414","article-title":"Dengue in Araraquara, state of S\u00e3o Paulo: epidemiology, climate and Aedes aegypti infestation","volume":"52","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.12741\/ebrasilis.v1i3.30","article-title":"Estudo de \u00e1reas e dep\u00f3sitos preferenciais de Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) e Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) no Munic\u00edpio de Paracambi \u2013 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil","volume":"1","author":"Soares","year":"2008","journal-title":"EntomoBrasilis"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayll\u00f3n, T., C\u00e2mara, D.C.P., Morone, F.C., Silva Gon\u00e7alves, L., Barros, F.S.M., Brasil, P., Carvalho, M.S., and Hon\u00f3rio, N.A. (2018). Dispersion and oviposition of Aedes albopictus in a Brazilian slum: Initial evidence of Asian tiger mosquito domiciliation in urban environments. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195014"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-152","article-title":"Mosquitoes infected with dengue viruses in Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/bc186d1e-f2fc-4dff-8084-a25cf32b9388","article-title":"Occurrence of natural vertical transmission of dengue-2 and dengue-3 viruses in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Cear\u00e1, Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Martins","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx058","article-title":"Evidence of Zika Virus RNA Fragments in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Field-Collected Eggs From Cama\u00e7ari, Bahia, Brazil","volume":"54","author":"Smartt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000800005","article-title":"Dengue Virus Detection by Using Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction in Saliva and Progeny of Experimentally Infected Aedes albopictus from Brazil","volume":"99","author":"Castro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6294","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00370-14","article-title":"High Level of Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Ten American Countries as a Crucial Factor in the Spread of Chikungunya Virus","volume":"88","author":"Zouache","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hon\u00f3rio, N.A., Wiggins, K., C\u00e2mara, D.C.P., Eastmond, B., and Alto, B.W. (2018). Chikungunya virus vector competency of Brazilian and Florida mosquito vectors. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006521"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1105.041063","article-title":"Dengue Fever, Hawaii, 2001-2002","volume":"11","author":"Effler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.3.419","article-title":"Bioecology and Vectorial Capacity of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Macao, China, in Relation to Dengue Virus Transmission","volume":"42","author":"Almeida","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.1182","article-title":"An outbreak os Dengue virus serotype 1 infection in Cixi, Ningbo, people\u2019s republic of China, 2004, associated with atraveler from Thailand and high density of Aedes albopictus","volume":"76","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2008151003","article-title":"Aedes albopictus, vecteur des virus du chikungunya et de la dengue \u00e0 la R\u00e9union: biologie et contr\u00f4le","volume":"15","author":"Delatte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.080664","article-title":"Concurrent chikungunya and dengue virus infections during simultaneous outbreaks, Gabon, 2007","volume":"15","author":"Leroy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1604.091582","article-title":"Reemergence of Dengue in Mauritius","volume":"16","author":"Issack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grard, G., Caron, M., Mombo, I.M., Nkoghe, D., Ondo, S.M., Jiolle, D., Fontenille, D., Paupy, C., and Leroy, E.M. (2014). Zika Virus in Gabon (Central Africa) - 2007: A New Threat from Aedes albopictus?. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002681"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70531-X","article-title":"Aedes albopictus as an epidemic vector of chikungunya virus: another emerging problem?","volume":"6","author":"Reiter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071521","article-title":"Outbreak of Dengue and Chikungunya Fevers, Toamasina, Madagascar, 2006","volume":"14","author":"Ratsitorahina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pag\u00e8s, F., Peyrefitte, C.N., Mve, M.T., Jarjaval, F., Brisse, S., Iteman, I., Gravier, P., Nkoghe, D., and Grandadam, M. (2009). Aedes albopictus Mosquito: The Main Vector of the 2007 Chikungunya Outbreak in Gabon. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/4145c2b9-dca1-4eef-996a-8e79de4dc1f5"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Kamara, F., Zhou, G., Puthiyakunnon, S., Li, C., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Yao, L., Yan, G., and Chen, X. (2014). Urbanization Increases Aedes albopictus Larval Habitats and Accelerates Mosquito Development and Survivorship. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003301"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.184818","article-title":"Mosquito vectors developing in atypical anthropogenic habitats: Global overview of recent observations, mechanisms and impact on disease transmission","volume":"53","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"(2019, May 08). SINAN: Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o, Available online: http:\/\/sinan.saude.gov.br\/sinan\/login\/login.jsf."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"(2017, December 13). Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Monitoramento dos casos de dengue, febre de chikungunya e febre pelo v\u00edrus Zika at\u00e9 a Semana Epidemiol\u00f3gica 7, Available online: http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2016\/marco\/23\/2016-008---DengueSE8-publica----o.pdf."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"(2019, February 15). Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Monitoramento dos casos de dengue, febre de chikungunya e febre pelo v\u00edrus Zika at\u00e9 a Semana Epidemiol\u00f3gica 52, Available online: http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2018\/janeiro\/23\/Boletim-2018-001-Dengue.pdf."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa-da-Silva, A.L., Ioshino, R.S., Petersen, V., Lima, A.F., Cunha, M.d.P., Wiley, M.R., Ladner, J.T., Prieto, K., Palacios, G., and Costa, D.D. (2017). First report of naturally infected Aedes aegypti with chikungunya virus genotype ECSA in the Americas. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005630"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.170307","article-title":"Spread of Chikungunya Virus East\/Central\/South African Genotype in Northeast Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201860019","article-title":"Report of East-Central South African Chikungunya virus genotype during the 2016 outbreak in the Alagoas State, Brazil","volume":"60","author":"Tanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180597","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760180597","article-title":"A localized outbreak of Chikungunya virus in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil","volume":"114","author":"Tauro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160004","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus among travelers in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 2014-2015","volume":"111","author":"Conteville","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2310.161855","article-title":"Autochthonous Transmission of East\/Central\/South African Genotype Chikungunya Virus, Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Cunha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naveca, F.G., Claro, I., Giovanetti, M., Jesus, J.G., Xavier, J., Iani, F.C.d.M., Nascimento, V.A., Souza, V.C., Silveira, P.P., and Louren\u00e7o, J. (2019). Genomic, epidemiological and digital surveillance of Chikungunya virus in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007065"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza, T.M.A., Azeredo, E.L., Badolato-Corr\u00eaa, J., Damasco, P.V., Santos, C., Petitinga-Paiva, F., Nunes, P.C.G., Barbosa, L.S., Cipitelli, M.C., and Chouin-Carneiro, T. (2017). First Report of the East-Central South African Genotype of Chikungunya Virus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLOS Curr.","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.4200119978d62ccaa454599cd2735727"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002467","article-title":"Detection of East\/Central\/South African genotype Chikungunya virus during an outbreak in a southeastern state of Brazil","volume":"146","author":"Trinta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, L.C., de Morais-Sobral, M.C., Campos, T.d.L., Pereira, M.R., de Albuquerque, M.d.F.P.M., Gilbert, C., Franca, R.F.O., and Wallau, G.L. (2019). Genome sequencing reveals coinfection by multiple chikungunya virus genotypes in a recent outbreak in Brazil. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007332"},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"(2019, February 15). Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Monitoramento dos casos de dengue, febre de chikungunya e febre pelo v\u00edrus Zika at\u00e9 a Semana Epidemiol\u00f3gica 5 de 2018, Available online: http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2018\/fevereiro\/20\/2018-007.pdf."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Aspectos epidemiol\u00f3gicos do dengue no Munic\u00edpio de S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brasil, 1997-2002","volume":"20","year":"2004","journal-title":"Caderno"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faria, N.R.d.C., Nogueira, R.M.R., Filippis, A.M.B.d., Sim\u00f5es, J.B.S., Nogueira, F.d.B., Lima, M.d.R.Q., and Santos, F.B.d. (2013). Twenty Years of DENV-2 Activity in Brazil: Molecular Characterization and Phylogeny of Strains Isolated from 1990 to 2010. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002095"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"e71","article-title":"Analysis of dengue cases according to clinical severity, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil","volume":"59","author":"Branco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"25","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 isolated in Brazil from 1991 to 2008","volume":"1","author":"Cruz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Pan-Amaz\u00f4nica Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barcelos-Figueiredo, L., Sakamoto, T., Coelho, L.F.L., Rocha, E.S.d.O., Cota, M.M.G., Ferreira, G.P., Oliveira, J.G., and Kroon, E.G. (2014). Dengue Virus 2 American-Asian Genotype Identified during the 2006\/2007 Outbreak in Piau\u00ed Caribbean Route of Introduction and Dissemination of Dengue Virus in Brazil. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104516"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.090996","article-title":"Two Lineages of Dengue Virus Type 2, Brazil","volume":"16","author":"Oliveira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romano, C.M., Matos, A.M., Ara\u00fajo, E.S.A., Villas-Boas, L.S., Silva, W.C., Oliveira, O.M.N.P.F., Carvalho, K.I., Souza, A.C.M., Rodrigues, C.L., and Levi, J.E. (2010). Characterization of Dengue Virus Type 2: New Insights on the 2010 Brazilian Epidemic. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011811"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drumond, B.P., Mondini, A., Schmidt, D.J., Bronzoni, R.V.d.M., Bosch, I., and Nogueira, M.L. (2013). Circulation of Different Lineages of Dengue Virus 2, Genotype American\/Asian in Brazil: Dynamics and Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059422"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/11\/12\/1126\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:40:42Z","timestamp":1760190042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/11\/12\/1126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["v11121126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v11121126","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]}}}