{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:01:43Z","timestamp":1792807303233,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"de Vlaamse Overheid, Departement Landbouw en Visserij","award":["LV\/AIS\/BV\/IB\/201709-488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LV\/AIS\/BV\/IB\/201709-488"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qxsrb28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) control programs are mainly based on diagnostic tests performed on blood samples collected from sheep and goats. Since blood sampling is costly and stressful for the animals, we evaluated whether milk could be used as an inexpensive and easily collectable matrix for SRLV detection. We therefore compared SRLV detection via two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in blood and corresponding milk samples from 321 goats originating from eight different SRLV-infected farms in Flanders (Belgium). The IDscreen\u00ae ELISA had a better relative sensitivity (97% vs 93%) and specificity (100% and 97%) than the Elitest\u00ae ELISA for SRLV-specific antibody detection in milk compared to serum. The higher sensitivity correlates with a 10-fold higher analytical sensitivity of the IDscreen\u00ae test. In contrast to the overall good ELISA results, qPCR on milk cell pellets lacked sensitivity (81%) and specificity (88%), compared to molecular detection in blood leucocyte pellets. Our results show that serology is more suitable than qPCR for SRLV diagnosis, and that milk may represent an interesting matrix for a preliminary evaluation of a herd\u2019s infection status. Serum remains however the sample of choice for control programs where it is important to identify positive animals with the highest sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T09:50:33Z","timestamp":1576835433000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["(Non-)Sense of Milk Testing in Small Ruminant Lentivirus Control Programs in Goats. Comparative Analysis of Antibody Detection and Molecular Diagnosis in Blood and Milk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nadjah Radia","family":"Adjadj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Enzootic, Vector-Borne and Bee Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Vicca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odisee vzw, University College KULeuven, Campus Sint-Niklaas, Hospitaalstraat 23, 9100 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Enzootic, Vector-Borne and Bee Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"De Regge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Enzootic, Vector-Borne and Bee Diseases, Sciensano, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200602","article-title":"Diagnostic assays used to control small ruminant lentiviruses","volume":"22","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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