{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:37:01Z","timestamp":1790519821631,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DZIF TTU 01.805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DZIF TTU 01.805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic virus that is transmitted by bats to humans and to pigs, causing severe respiratory disease and often fatal encephalitis. Antibodies directed against the NiV-glycoprotein (G) protein are known to play a major role in clearing NiV infection and in providing vaccine-induced protective immunity. More recently, T cells have been also shown to be involved in recovery from NiV infection. So far, relatively little is known about the role of T cell responses and the antigenic targets of NiV-G that are recognized by CD8 T cells. In this study, NiV-G protein served as the target immunogen to activate NiV-specific cellular immune responses. Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a safety-tested strain of vaccinia virus for preclinical and clinical vaccine research, was used for the generation of MVA\u2013NiV-G candidate vaccines expressing different versions of recombinant NiV-G. Overlapping peptides covering the entire NiV-G protein were used to identify major histocompatibility complex class I\/II-restricted T cell responses in type I interferon receptor-deficient (IFNAR\u2212\/\u2212) mice after vaccination with the MVA\u2013NiV-G candidate vaccines. We have identified an H2-b-restricted nonamer peptide epitope with CD8 T cell antigenicity and a H2-b 15mer with CD4 T cell antigenicity in the NiV-G protein. The identification of this epitope and the availability of the MVA\u2013NiV-G candidate vaccines will help to evaluate NiV-G-specific immune responses and the potential immune correlates of vaccine-mediated protection in the appropriate murine models of NiV-G infection. Of note, a soluble version of NiV-G was advantageous in activating NiV-G-specific cellular immune responses using these peptides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]],"date-time":"2019-12-24T10:28:43Z","timestamp":1577183323000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A Soluble Version of Nipah Virus Glycoprotein G Delivered by Vaccinia Virus MVA Activates Specific CD8 and CD4 T Cells in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Kalodimou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"Veit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Jany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Kalinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5382-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Broder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6143-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asisa","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5470.1432","article-title":"Nipah Virus: A Recently Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus","volume":"288","author":"Chua","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz010","article-title":"Adaptive Immune Responses in Humans During Nipah Virus Acute and Convalescent Phases of Infection","volume":"69","author":"Arunkumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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