{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:45:06Z","timestamp":1790163906652,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation G\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour l'Armement, France","award":["PhD grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD grant"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008656","name":"Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008656","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Team Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Team Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTR #414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTR #414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lassa virus (LASV) and Mopeia virus (MOPV) are two closely related, rodent-born mammarenaviruses. LASV is the causative agent of Lassa fever, a deadly hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa, whereas MOPV is non-pathogenic in humans. The Z matrix protein of arenaviruses is essential to virus assembly and budding by recruiting host factors, a mechanism that remains partially defined. To better characterize the interactions involved, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted using the Z proteins from LASV and MOPV as a bait. The cellular proteins ITCH and WWP1, two members of the Nedd4 family of HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases, were found to bind the Z proteins of LASV, MOPV and other arenaviruses. The PPxY late-domain motif of the Z proteins is required for the interaction with ITCH, although the E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity of ITCH is not involved in Z ubiquitination. The silencing of ITCH was shown to affect the replication of the old-world mammarenaviruses LASV, MOPV, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and to a lesser extent Lujo virus (LUJV). More precisely, ITCH was involved in the egress of virus-like particles and the release of infectious progeny viruses. Thus, ITCH constitutes a novel interactor of LASV and MOPV Z proteins that is involved in virus assembly and release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T07:40:55Z","timestamp":1577778055000},"page":"49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["E3 Ligase ITCH Interacts with the Z Matrix Protein of Lassa and Mopeia Viruses and Is Required for the Release of Infectious Particles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Baillet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 69365 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 69365 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Carnec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 69365 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 69365 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Journeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 69365 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othmann","family":"Merabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 69365 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Cellule d\u2019Intervention Biologique d\u2019Urgence, Infection et Epid\u00e9miologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Tangy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9nomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3082-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Olivier","family":"Vidalain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9nomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR-3569, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Biologie Cellulaire des Infections Virales, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3234-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Baize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 69365 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1142","article-title":"Exotic emerging viral diseases: Progress and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Geisbert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4147.263","article-title":"Lassa virus isolation from Mastomys natalensis rodents during an epidemic in Sierra Leone","volume":"185","author":"Monath","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.3.437","article-title":"A Prospective Study of the Epidemiology and Ecology of Lassa fever","volume":"155","author":"Mccormick","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briese, T., Paweska, J.T., McMullan, L.K., Hutchison, S.K., Street, C., Palacios, G., Khristova, M.L., Weyer, J., Swanepoel, R., and Egholm, M. (2009). Genetic Detection and Characterization of Lujo Virus, a New Hemorrhagic Fever\u2014Associated Arenavirus from Southern Africa. PLoS Pathog., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000455"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53488-0.00033-X","article-title":"Diseases of the central nervous system caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and other arenaviruses","volume":"123","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"75","article-title":"Lassa fever","volume":"262","author":"McCormick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav8958","article-title":"Understanding Lassa fever","volume":"363","author":"Bhadelia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01469.x","article-title":"Lassa fever in West Africa: Evidence for an Expanded Region of Endemicity","volume":"59","author":"Sogoba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"441","article-title":"Isolation of an arenavirus closely related to Lassa virus from Mastomys natalensis in south-east Africa","volume":"55","author":"Wulff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90138-3","article-title":"Analysis of the genomic L RNA segment from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus","volume":"161","author":"Singh","year":"1987","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.53.3.966-968.1985","article-title":"The S RNA segment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus codes for the nucleoprotein and glycoproteins 1 and 2","volume":"53","author":"Riviere","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.3819-3826.1998","article-title":"Two RING finger proteins, the oncoprotein PML and the arenavirus Z protein, colocalize with the nuclear fraction of the ribosomal P proteins","volume":"72","author":"Borden","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3293-3300.2000","article-title":"The lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus RING protein Z associates with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and selectively represses translation in a RING-dependent manner","volume":"74","author":"Lai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.4.2461-2473.2005","article-title":"The proline-rich homeodomain (PRH\/HEX) protein is down-regulated in liver during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus","volume":"79","author":"Djavani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01362-09","article-title":"Z proteins of New World arenaviruses bind RIG-I and interfere with type I interferon induction","volume":"84","author":"Fan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03349-14","article-title":"The Z proteins of pathogenic but not nonpathogenic arenaviruses inhibit RIG-I-like receptor-dependent interferon production","volume":"89","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9415","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.19.9415-9426.2001","article-title":"RING finger Z protein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) inhibits transcription and RNA replication of an LCMV S-segment minigenome","volume":"75","author":"Cornu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9451","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00499-07","article-title":"Arenavirus Z-glycoprotein association requires Z myristoylation but not functional RING or late domains","volume":"81","author":"Capul","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7029","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00329-09","article-title":"The RING domain and the L79 residue of Z protein are involved in both the rescue of nucleocapsids and the incorporation of glycoproteins into infectious chimeric arenavirus-like particles","volume":"83","author":"Casabona","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02429-09","article-title":"Efficient budding of the tacaribe virus matrix protein z requires the nucleoprotein","volume":"84","author":"Groseth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01875-10","article-title":"Identification of two functional domains within the arenavirus nucleoprotein","volume":"85","author":"Loureiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13038","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05834-11","article-title":"The C-terminal region of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein contains distinct and segregable functional domains involved in NP-Z interaction and counteraction of the type I interferon response","volume":"85","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5415","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02417-09","article-title":"A role for the C terminus of Mopeia virus nucleoprotein in its incorporation into Z protein-induced virus-like particles","volume":"84","author":"Shtanko","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10383","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10383-10393.2003","article-title":"Tacaribe virus Z protein interacts with the L polymerase protein to inhibit viral RNA synthesis","volume":"77","author":"Wilda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12978","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2133782100","article-title":"The small RING finger protein Z drives arenavirus budding: Implications for antiviral strategies","volume":"100","author":"Perez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01984-10","article-title":"ALIX\/AIP1 is required for NP incorporation into Mopeia virus Z-induced virus-like particles","volume":"85","author":"Shtanko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9163","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01078-16","article-title":"ITCH E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Interacts with Ebola Virus VP40 To Regulate Budding","volume":"90","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.10.011","article-title":"Regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) budding by ubiquitin ligase Nedd4","volume":"6","author":"Sakurai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01095","article-title":"Nedd4.1-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent recruitment of Tsg101 ensure HTLV-1 Gag trafficking towards the multivesicular body pathway prior to virus budding","volume":"117","author":"Blot","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13943","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13943-13953.2004","article-title":"Role of Nedd4 and ubiquitination of Rous sarcoma virus Gag in budding of virus-like particles from cells","volume":"78","author":"Vana","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11199","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201268998","article-title":"Proteins related to the Nedd4 family of ubiquitin protein ligases interact with the L domain of Rous sarcoma virus and are required for gag budding from cells","volume":"98","author":"Kikonyogo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9987","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.18.9987-9992.2003","article-title":"Nedd4 regulates egress of Ebola virus-like particles from host cells","volume":"77","author":"Yasuda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.3390\/v4112973","article-title":"Multifunctional nature of the arenavirus RING finger protein Z","volume":"4","author":"Fehling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2438-7_18","article-title":"A field-proven yeast two-hybrid protocol used to identify coronavirus-host protein-protein interactions","volume":"1282","author":"Vidalain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1190","article-title":"High-throughput yeast two-hybrid assays for large-scale protein interaction mapping","volume":"24","author":"Walhout","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0605.000504","article-title":"Imported Lassa Fever in Germany: Molecular Characterization of a New Lassa Virus Strain","volume":"6","author":"Gunther","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaeffer, J., Carnec, X., Reynard, S., Mateo, M., Picard, C., Pietrosemoli, N., Dillies, M.-A., and Baize, S. (2018). Lassa virus activates myeloid dendritic cells but suppresses their ability to stimulate T cells. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007430"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Journo, C., Filipe, J., About, F., Chevalier, S.A., Afonso, P.V., Brady, J.N., Flynn, D., Tangy, F., Isra\u00ebl, A., and Vidalain, P.-O. (2009). NRP\/Optineurin Cooperates with TAX1BP1 to Potentiate the Activation of NF-\u03baB by Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax Protein. PLoS Pathog., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000521"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baillet, N., Krieger, S., Journeaux, A., Caro, V., Tangy, F., Vidalain, P.-O., and Baize, S. (2019). Autophagy Promotes Infectious Particle Production of Mopeia and Lassa Viruses. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/v11030293"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207436","article-title":"The Nedd4 family of E3 ubiquitin ligases: Functional diversity within a common modular architecture","volume":"23","author":"Ingham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.8.4191-4195.2006","article-title":"Cellular Factors Required for Lassa Virus Budding","volume":"80","author":"Urata","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(02)01406-7","article-title":"Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 interaction with human cellular factors Tsg101 and Nedd4","volume":"326","author":"Timmins","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2003.11.017","article-title":"Characterization of the Lassa virus matrix protein Z: Electron microscopic study of virus-like particles and interaction with the nucleoprotein (NP)","volume":"100","author":"Eichler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King, B.R., Hershkowitz, D., Eisenhauer, P.L., Weir, M.E., Ziegler, C.M., Russo, J., Bruce, E.A., Ballif, B.A., and Botten, J. (2017). A Map of the Arenavirus Nucleoprotein-Host Protein Interactome Reveals that Jun\u00edn Virus Selectively Impairs the Antiviral Activity of Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase (PKR). J. Virol.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00763-17"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khamina, K., Lercher, A., Caldera, M., Schliehe, C., Vilagos, B., Sahin, M., Kosack, L., Bhattacharya, A., M\u00e1jek, P., and Stukalov, A. (2017). Characterization of host proteins interacting with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus L protein. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006758"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziegler, C.M., Eisenhauer, P., Kelly, J.A., Dang, L.N., Beganovic, V., Bruce, E.A., King, B.R., Shirley, D.J., Weir, M.E., and Ballif, B.A. (2017). A proteomic survey of Jun\u00edn virus interactions with human proteins reveals host factors required for arenavirus replication. J. Virol., 92.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01565-17"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwasaki, M., Minder, P., Ca\u00ec, Y., Kuhn, J.H., Yates, J.R., Torbett, B.E., and de la Torre, J.C. (2018). Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na+\/K+ transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006892"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loureiro, M.E., Zorzetto-Fernandes, A.L., Radoshitzky, S., Chi, X., Dallari, S., Marooki, N., L\u00e8ger, P., Foscaldi, S., Harjono, V., and Sharma, S. (2018). DDX3 suppresses type I interferons and favors viral replication during Arenavirus infection. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007125"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq231","article-title":"Ubiquilin functions in autophagy and is degraded by chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06390-11","article-title":"Mapping of Chikungunya virus interactions with host proteins identified nsP2 as a highly connected viral component","volume":"86","author":"Gad","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-432","article-title":"Chikungunya triggers an autophagic process which promotes viral replication","volume":"8","author":"Gay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.192104","article-title":"CD4 downregulation by the HIV-1 protein Nef reveals distinct roles for the \u03b31 and \u03b32 subunits of the AP-1 complex in protein trafficking","volume":"130","author":"Tavares","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos-Le\u00f3n, K., Wijendra, K., Siddiqa, A., Pentland, I., Feeney, K.M., Knapman, A., Davies, R., Androphy, E.J., and Parish, J.L. (2017). Association of Human Papillomavirus 16 E2 with Rad50-Interacting Protein 1 Enhances Viral DNA Replication. J. Virol., 91.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02305-16"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C.-P., Liu, G.-T., Kung, H.-N., Liu, P.-T., Liao, Y.-T., Chow, L.-P., Chang, L.-S., Chang, Y.-H., Chang, C.-W., and Shu, W.-C. (2016). The Ubiquitin Ligase Itch and Ubiquitination Regulate BFRF1- Mediated Nuclear Envelope Modification for Epstein-Barr Virus Maturation. J. Virol.","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01235-16"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17516","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312374110","article-title":"Pooled RNAi screen identifies ubiquitin ligase Itch as crucial for influenza A virus release from the endosome during virus entry","volume":"110","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorjbal, B., Derse, D., Lloyd, P., Soheilian, F., Nagashima, K., and Heidecker, G. (2011). The Role of ITCH Protein in Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Release. J. Biol. Chem.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.259945"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01319-09","article-title":"Late domain-independent rescue of a release-deficient Moloney murine leukemia virus by the ubiquitin ligase itch","volume":"84","author":"Jadwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.08.012","article-title":"Virus budding and the ESCRT pathway","volume":"14","author":"Votteler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13063","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.24.13063","article-title":"A role for ubiquitin ligase recruitment in retrovirus release","volume":"97","author":"Strack","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3656","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.3656","article-title":"The large subunit of RNA polymerase II is a substrate of the Rsp5 ubiquitin-protein ligase","volume":"94","author":"Huibregtse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13069","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.24.13069","article-title":"Ubiquitin is part of the retrovirus budding machinery","volume":"97","author":"Patnaik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200408155","article-title":"HECT ubiquitin ligases link viral and cellular PPXY motifs to the vacuolar protein-sorting pathway","volume":"168","author":"Eastman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf132","article-title":"Functional involvement of a novel Nedd4-like ubiquitin ligase on retrovirus budding","volume":"3","author":"Yasuda","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(96)00008-9","article-title":"Structure and function of the WW domain","volume":"65","author":"Sudol","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2007.00609.x","article-title":"The Role of Ubiquitin in Retroviral Egress","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziegler, C.M., Dang, L., Eisenhauer, P., Kelly, J.A., King, B.R., Klaus, J.P., Manuelyan, I., Mattice, E.B., Shirley, D.J., and Weir, M.E. (2019). NEDD4 family ubiquitin ligases associate with LCMV Z\u2019s PPXY domain and are required for virus budding, but not via direct ubiquitination of Z. PLoS Pathog., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008100"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-205","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Lassa fever in cynomolgus macaques","volume":"8","author":"Hensley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.2861","article-title":"Lassa virus infection of human dendritic cells and macrophages is productive but fails to activate cells","volume":"172","author":"Baize","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziegler, C.M., Eisenhauer, P., Bruce, E.A., Weir, M.E., King, B.R., Klaus, J.P., Krementsov, D.N., Shirley, D.J., Ballif, B.A., and Botten, J. (2016). The Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Matrix Protein PPXY Late Domain Drives the Production of Defective Interfering Particles. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005501"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7294","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00591-14","article-title":"Small-molecule probes targeting the viral PPxY-host Nedd4 interface block egress of a broad range of RNA viruses","volume":"88","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/1\/49\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:47:07Z","timestamp":1760190427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/1\/49"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["v12010049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12010049","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]]}}}