{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:01:53Z","timestamp":1778587313738,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz\/Secretaria de Sa\u00fade de Minas Gerais\/Secretaria de Planejamento de Minas Gerais\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FIOCRUZ\/ SES-MG\/SPLAG-MG\/FAPEMIG)","award":["grant yellow fever"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant yellow fever"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["307423\/2015-8 and 440911\/2016-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307423\/2015-8 and 440911\/2016-8"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)","award":["PRINT\/CAPES, 001, and 88881130799\/2016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRINT\/CAPES, 001, and 88881130799\/2016-01"]}]},{"name":"Department for Science and Technology\/Brazilian Ministry of Health (DECIT\/MS)","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"name":"Minas Gerais State Agency for Research (FAPEMIG)","award":["APQ-01989-18 and APQ-04178-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01989-18 and APQ-04178-17"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fellowships for E.G.K, O.A.M.F., A.T.C, and B.P.D."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowships for E.G.K, O.A.M.F., A.T.C, and B.P.D."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One patient presented hyporexia, asthenia, adynamia, and jaundice two months after acute yellow fever (YF) onset; plus laboratory tests indicating hepatic cytolysis and a rebound of alanine and aspartate transaminases, and total and direct bilirubin levels. Laboratory tests discarded autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory or metabolic liver disease, and new infections caused by hepatotropic agents. Anti-YFV IgM, IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected in different times, but no viremia. A liver biopsy was collected three months after YF onset and tested positive for YFV antigens and wild-type YFV-RNA (364 RNA-copies\/gram\/liver). Transaminases and bilirubin levels remained elevated for five months, and the arresting of symptoms persisted for six months after the acute YF onset. Several serum chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors were measured. A similar immune response profile was observed in the earlier phases of the disease, followed by more pronounced changes in the later stages, when transaminases levels returned to normal. The results indicated viral persistence in the liver and continual liver cell damage three months after YF onset and reinforced the need for extended follow-ups of YF patients. Further studies to investigate the role of possible viral persistence and the immune response causing relapsing hepatitis following YF are also necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T04:06:01Z","timestamp":1582085161000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Late-Relapsing Hepatitis after Yellow Fever"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2616-6300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela Maur\u00edcio","family":"Rezende","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de V\u00edrus, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Soares","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Minas Gerais 30622-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa","family":"Fradico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz\/FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Pascoal Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Menincina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Imunologia de Doen\u00e7as Virais, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz\/FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-5621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Augusto","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imunologia de Doen\u00e7as Virais, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz\/FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Campi-Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz\/FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Speziali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz\/FIOCRUZ, Minas 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