{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:38:38Z","timestamp":1774485518188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan","award":["NHRI-108A1-MRCO-051919, NHRI-109A1-MRCO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-108A1-MRCO-051919, NHRI-109A1-MRCO"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the major cause of an acute encephalitis syndrome in many Asian countries, despite the fact that an effective vaccine has been developed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled multi-subunit protein structures which possess specific epitope antigenicities related to corresponding native viruses. These properties mean that VLPs are considered safe antigens that can be used in clinical applications. In this study, we developed a novel baculovirus\/mosquito (BacMos) expression system which potentially enables the scalable production of JEV genotype III (GIII) VLPs (which are secreted from mosquito cells). The mosquito-cell-derived JEV VLPs comprised 30-nm spherical particles as well as precursor membrane protein (prM) and envelope (E) proteins with densities that ranged from 30% to 55% across a sucrose gradient. We used IgM antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to assess the resemblance between VLPs and authentic virions and thereby characterized the epitope specific antigenicity of VLPs. VLP immunization was found to elicit a specific immune response toward a balanced IgG2a\/IgG1 ratio. This response effectively neutralized both JEV GI and GIII and elicited a mixed Th1\/Th2 response in mice. This study supports the development of mosquito cell-derived JEV VLPs to serve as candidate vaccines against JEV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12030336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T07:29:07Z","timestamp":1584689347000},"page":"336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mosquito Cell-Derived Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Like Particles Induce Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yu-Hsiu","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Der-Jiang","family":"Chiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Lin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsueh-Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yun","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Fen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11561, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Huan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szu-Cheng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Serological Evidence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Circulation in Asian Children From Dengue-Endemic Countries","volume":"219","author":"Nealon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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