{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:13:33Z","timestamp":1790709213585,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]],"date-time":"2020-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16H02590"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16H02590"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K08039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K08039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of the NARO Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution","award":["16817983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16817983"]}]},{"name":"Special Scheme Project on Vitalizing Management Entities of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries","award":["16930548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16930548"]}]},{"name":"Livestock Promotional Subsidy from the Japan Racing Association","award":["30-558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-558"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis. However, less than 5% of BLV-infected cattle will develop lymphoma, suggesting that, in addition to viral infection, host genetic polymorphisms might play a role in disease susceptibility. Bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 is a highly polymorphic gene associated with BLV proviral load (PVL) susceptibility. Due to the fact that PVL is positively associated with disease progression, it is believed that controlling PVL can prevent lymphoma development. Thus, many studies have focused on the relationship between PVL and BoLA-DRB3. Despite this, there is little information regarding the relationship between lymphoma and BoLA-DRB3. Furthermore, whether or not PVL-associated BoLA-DRB3 is linked to lymphoma-associated BoLA-DRB3 has not been clarified. Here, we investigated whether or not lymphoma-associated BoLA-DRB3 is correlated with PVL-associated BoLA-DRB3. We demonstrate that two BoLA-DRB3 alleles were specifically associated with lymphoma resistance (*010:01 and *011:01), but no lymphoma-specific susceptibility alleles were found; furthermore, two other alleles, *002:01 and *012:01, were associated with PVL resistance and susceptibility, respectively. In contrast, lymphoma and PVL shared two resistance-associated (DRB3*014:01:01 and *009:02) BoLA-DRB3 alleles. Interestingly, we found that PVL associated alleles, but not lymphoma associated alleles, are related with the anti-BLV gp51 antibody production level in cows. Overall, our study is the first to demonstrate that the BoLA-DRB3 polymorphism confers differential susceptibility to BLV-induced lymphoma and PVL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12030352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T04:03:01Z","timestamp":1584936181000},"page":"352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["BoLA-DRB3 Polymorphism is Associated with Differential Susceptibility to Bovine Leukemia Virus-Induced Lymphoma and Proviral Load"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1890-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh-Wen","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liushiqi","family":"Borjigin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koya","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etsuko","family":"Saitou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Meat Inspection Center, 49-18 Shitoorinagata, Minamiawaji, Hyogo 656-0152, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-nosuke","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Aida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan"},{"name":"Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20938","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus load and survival among injection drug users in the united states","volume":"42","author":"Hisada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22884","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus DNA levels and outcomes in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoko, C., and Chikobvu, D. (2019). A superiority of viral load over cd4 cell count when predicting mortality in HIV patients on therapy. BMC Infect. Dis., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3781-1"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257410","article-title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) proviral load and disease progression in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers: A nationwide prospective study in Japan","volume":"116","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23227","article-title":"Monitoring the HTLV-1 proviral load in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers and patients with HTLV-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis from a Brazilian cohort: Roc curve analysis to establish the threshold for risk disease","volume":"84","author":"Furtado","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med Virol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.05.018","article-title":"Associations between HIV-1 DNA copy number, proviral transcriptional activity, and plasma viremia in individuals off or on suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"521","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00328","article-title":"Mechanisms of pathogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus as a model for human T-cell leukemia virus","volume":"4","author":"Aida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-4-18","article-title":"Mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus: Prospects for novel anti-retroviral therapies in human","volume":"4","author":"Gillet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panei, C.J., Takeshima, S.-N., Omori, T., Nunoya, T., Davis, W.C., Ishizaki, H., Matoba, K., and Aida, Y. (2013). Estimation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load harbored by lymphocyte subpopulations in BLV-infected cattle at the subclinical stage of enzootic bovine leucosis using BLV-cocomo-qPCR. BMC Vet. Res., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-95"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimba, M., Takeshima, S.-N., Murakami, H., Kohara, J., Kobayashi, N., Matsuhashi, T., Ohmori, T., Nunoya, T., and Aida, Y. (2012). BLV-cocomo-qPCR: A useful tool for evaluating bovine leukemia virus infection status. BMC Vet. Res., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-167"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-014-2137-9","article-title":"Comparison of the copy numbers of bovine leukemia virus in the lymph nodes of cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis and cattle with latent infection","volume":"159","author":"Somura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobayashi, T., Inagaki, Y., Ohnuki, N., Sato, R., Murakami, S., and Imakawa, K. (2019). Increasing bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load is a risk factor for progression of enzootic bovine leucosis: A prospective study in Japan. Prev. Vet. Med.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.04.009"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2015.08.020","article-title":"Risk factors associated with increased bovine leukemia virus proviral load in infected cattle in Japan from 2012 to 2014","volume":"210","author":"Ohno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2006.00332.x","article-title":"Structure, function and disease susceptibility of the bovine major histocompatibility complex","volume":"77","author":"Takeshima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrick, D.J., and Ruvinsky, A. (2015). The Genetics of Cattle, International, C.A.B.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780642215.0000"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3923\/ijds.2009.123.128","article-title":"Association of BOLA-DRB3.2 alleles with resistance and susceptibility to persistent lymphocytosis in BLV infected cattle in Argentina","volume":"4","author":"Panei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-016-9712-6","article-title":"Association of BOLA-DRB3.2 alleles with BLV infection profiles (persistent lymphocytosis\/lymphosarcoma) and lymphocyte subsets in Iranian Holstein cattle","volume":"54","author":"Ghorbanpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2008.01750.x","article-title":"Association of BLV infection profiles with alleles of the BOLA-DRB3.2 gene","volume":"39","author":"Juliarena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-019-0476-z","article-title":"Bovine leukemia virus proviral load is more strongly associated with bovine major histocompatibility complex class II drb3 polymorphism than with dqa1 polymorphism in holstein cow in Japan","volume":"16","author":"Takeshima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12041","article-title":"Identification of bovine leukocyte antigen class II haplotypes associated with variations in bovine leukemia virus proviral load in Japanese black cattle","volume":"81","author":"Miyasaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.11606\/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2017.123769","article-title":"A novel association of BOLA DRB3 alleles in blv infected cattle with different proviral loads","volume":"54","author":"Caffaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03391.x","article-title":"The influence of ovine MHC class II DRB1 alleles on immune response in bovine leukemia virus infection","volume":"47","author":"Konnai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15264","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15264","article-title":"Cis-perturbation of cancer drivers by the HTLV-1\/BLV proviruses is an early determinant of leukemogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Rosewick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.4161\/onci.21205","article-title":"Targeting the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Thibodeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20441","article-title":"HLA-DRB alleles are differentially expressed by tumor cells in breast carcinoma","volume":"112","author":"Oldford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.050","article-title":"MHC-I genotype restricts the oncogenic mutational landscape","volume":"171","author":"Marty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10195","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01058-07","article-title":"Even attenuated bovine leukemia virus proviruses can be pathogenic in sheep","volume":"81","author":"Florins","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-91","article-title":"Blv-cocomo-qpcr: Quantitation of bovine leukemia virus proviral load using the cocomo algorithm","volume":"7","author":"Jimba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2377-3","article-title":"BLV-cocomo-qPCR-2: Improvements to the BLV-cocomo-qPCR assay for bovine leukemia virus by reducing primer degeneracy and constructing an optimal standard curve","volume":"160","author":"Takeshima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2015.08.013","article-title":"Detection of the BLV provirus from nasal secretion and saliva samples using BLV-cocomo-qPCR-2: Comparison with blood samples from the same cattle","volume":"210","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2011.01708.x","article-title":"A new method for typing bovine major histocompatibility complex class II DRB3 alleles by combining two established PCR sequence-based techniques","volume":"78","author":"Takeshima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2579","article-title":"Detecting gene-gene interactions that underlie human diseases","volume":"10","author":"Cordell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-019-0724-1","article-title":"Visualizing bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cells and measuring BLV proviral loads in the milk of BLV seropositive dams","volume":"50","author":"Watanuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-019-0732-1","article-title":"Early events following bovine leukaemia virus infection in calves with different alleles of the major histocompatibility complex DRB3 gene","volume":"51","author":"Forletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13073","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.13073-13083.2003","article-title":"Reduced cell turnover in bovine leukemia virus-infected, persistently lymphocytotic cattle","volume":"77","author":"Debacq","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.8.2465","article-title":"Leukemogenesis by bovine leukemia virus: Proviral DNA integration and lack of rna expression of viral long terminal repeat and 3\u2019 proximate cellular sequences","volume":"79","author":"Kettmann","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillet, N.A., Guti\u00e9rrez, G., Rodriguez, S.M., de Brogniez, A., Renotte, N., Alvarez, I., Trono, K., and Willems, L. (2013). Massive depletion of bovine leukemia virus proviral clones located in genomic transcriptionally active sites during primary infection. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003687"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11532","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.24.11532","article-title":"Attenuation of bovine leukemia virus by deletion of R3 and G4 open reading frames","volume":"91","author":"Willems","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1303","article-title":"Mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are frequently associated with bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis in cattle but not in sheep","volume":"209","author":"Dequiedt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9051","article-title":"Function and conformation of wild-type p53 protein are influenced by mutations in bovine leukemia virus-induced b-cell lymphosarcoma","volume":"243","author":"Tajima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.04.017","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha genetic polymorphism may contribute to progression of bovine leukemia virus-infection","volume":"8","author":"Konnai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.1999.530401.x","article-title":"Hla class I allele distributions in six pacific\/Asian populations: Evidence of selection at the HLA-a locus","volume":"53","author":"Bugawan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2002.590506.x","article-title":"HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 polymorphisms in Pacific islands populations","volume":"59","author":"Velickovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2010.10.007","article-title":"The diversity of bovine MHC class II drb3 and dqa1 alleles in different herds of Japanese black and Holstein cattle in Japan","volume":"472","author":"Miyasaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2008.01092.x","article-title":"Distribution and origin of bovine major histocompatibility complex class II DQA1 genes in Japan","volume":"72","author":"Takeshima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74234-3","article-title":"Short communication: Characterization of DRB3 alleles in the MHC of Japanese shorthorn cattle by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing","volume":"85","author":"Takeshima","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(03)00744-3","article-title":"The diversity of bovine MHC class II drb3 genes in Japanese black, Japanese shorthorn, Jersey and Holstein cattle in Japan","volume":"316","author":"Takeshima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pineda, M.V., Bouzas, M.B., Remesar, M., Fridman, A., Remondegui, C., Mammana, L., Altamirano, N., Paradiso, P., Costantini, P., and Tadey, L. (2019). Relevance of HTLV-1 proviral load in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients living in endemic and non-endemic areas of argentina. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225596"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/3\/352\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:10:35Z","timestamp":1760173835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/3\/352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["v12030352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12030352","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,22]]}}}