{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:38:10Z","timestamp":1793194690773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme","award":["ZIKAlliance 734548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIKAlliance 734548"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309577\/2013-6 and 312446\/2018-7 and 309471\/2016-8 and 426767\/2018-7 and 88881.130684\/2016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309577\/2013-6 and 312446\/2018-7 and 309471\/2016-8 and 426767\/2018-7 and 88881.130684\/2016-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/203.064\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/203.064\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTR No. 528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTR No. 528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamentode de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["COFECUB 799-14 and AUXPE 1731\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COFECUB 799-14 and AUXPE 1731\/2014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VPPIS-004-FIO18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VPPIS-004-FIO18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015\u20132018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region\u2019s receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T10:29:38Z","timestamp":1585650578000},"page":"364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover\/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9768-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Vieira Santos de","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anielly","family":"Ferreira-de-Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7401-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana de Souza","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Virol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4878-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Henrique Rezende","family":"Linhares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Virol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"de Oliveira Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Virol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hime Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Virol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maycon Sebasti\u00e3o Alberto Santos","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Yousfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ieda Pereira","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Ara\u00fajo Cunha dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmilson","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Vigil\u00e2ncia Ambiental em Sa\u00fade, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6916-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taissa Pereira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo Simonini","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Atendimento e Pesquisa de Animais Silvestres, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Quintela","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla Bayma","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Imunol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Marques Vieira da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Imunol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique da Rocha Queiroz","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7122-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Paupy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Pecego Martins","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Bras\u00edlia 70719-040, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Dinis","family":"Ano Bom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Imunol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7127-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luzia Maria de","family":"Oliveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Moutailler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique de Albuquerque","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-3386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrna Cristina","family":"Bonaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9234-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Maria Barbosa de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia Virol\u00f3gica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiol\u00f3gicos Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0423-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Louren\u00e7o-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozo\u00e1rios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.020119","article-title":"Zika: The continuing threat","volume":"97","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2019, October 14). Brasil Monitoramento do Per\u00edodo Sazonal da Febre Amarela, Available online: http:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2018\/fevereiro\/21\/Informe-n14-FA-20fev18-c.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180278","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760180278","article-title":"Yellow fever outbreak in Brazil: The puzzle of rapid viral spread and challenges for immunisation","volume":"113","author":"Possas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althouse, B.M., Vasilakis, N., Sall, A.A., Diallo, M., Weaver, S.C., and Hanley, K.A. (2016). Potential for Zika Virus to Establish a Sylvatic Transmission Cycle in the Americas. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1101\/047175"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Potential risk of re-emergence of urban transmission of Yellow Fever virus in Brazil facilitated by competent Aedes populations","volume":"7","author":"Madec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.03.003","article-title":"Urbanization and geographic expansion of zoonotic arboviral diseases: Mechanisms and potential strategies for prevention","volume":"21","author":"Weaver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klitting, R., Gould, E.A., and Paupy, C. (2018). What does the future hold for yellow fever virus?. Genes, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201805.0099.v1"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"210","article-title":"Hist\u00f3ria da Febre Amarela no Brasil","volume":"1","author":"Franco","year":"1969","journal-title":"Minist\u00e9rio Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryant, J.E., Holmes, E.C., and Barrett, A.D.T. (2007). Out of Africa: A Molecular Perspective on the Introduction of Yellow Fever Virus into the Americas. PLoS Pathog., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030075"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"555","article-title":"Yellow Fever without Aedes aegypti. Study of a rural epidemic in the Valle do Chanaan, Espirito Santo, Brazil, 1932","volume":"18","author":"Soper","year":"1933","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"104","article-title":"Jungle Yellow Fever. A New Epidemiological Entity in South America","volume":"10","author":"Soper","year":"1937","journal-title":"Rev. Hig. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113835","article-title":"Susceptibility of Capuchin (Cebus) monkeys to yellow fever virus","volume":"11","author":"Davis","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1948.11685365","article-title":"Implication of the Mosquito a\u00ebdes (Stegomyia) Africanus Theobald in the Forest Cycle of Yellow Fever in Uganda","volume":"42","author":"Haddow","year":"1948","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102010005000046","article-title":"Yellow fever in Brazil: Thoughts and hypotheses on the emergence in previously free areas","volume":"44","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.08.030","article-title":"Yellow fever","volume":"64","author":"Monath","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2019, December 10). Brasil Aspectos Epidemiol\u00f3gicos da Febre amarela Silvestre e a Vigil\u00e2ncia Intensificada Durante Per\u00edodo de Monitoramento, Brasil, 2012\/2013, Available online: https:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2014\/maio\/27\/BE-V45-n---07-FebreAmarela.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170134","article-title":"Genome analysis of yellow fever virus of the ongoing outbreak in Brazil reveals polymorphisms","volume":"112","author":"Bonaldo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.11.020","article-title":"The emergence of arthropod-borne viral diseases: A global prospective on dengue, chikungunya and zika fevers","volume":"166","author":"Mayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150192","article-title":"First report of autochthonous transmission of Zika virus in Brazil","volume":"110","author":"Zanluca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30318-8","article-title":"Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: Preliminary report of a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.8217","article-title":"Zika virus outbreak in Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Heukelbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160332","article-title":"First detection of natural infection of Aedes aegypti with Zika virus in Brazil and throughout South America","volume":"111","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16034","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34423-6","article-title":"Evidence of natural Zika virus infection in neotropical non-human primates in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Terzian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-019-01394-7","article-title":"Zika Virus in Peridomestic Neotropical Primates, Northeast Brazil","volume":"16","author":"Favoretto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50918-2","article-title":"High susceptibility, viral dynamics and persistence of South American Zika virus in New World monkey species","volume":"9","author":"Berry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5123\/S2176-62232016000500007","article-title":"The history of Arbovirology at Instituto Evandro Chagas, Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil, from 1954 to 1998","volume":"7","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Pan-Amaz. Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1946.s1-26.23","article-title":"Part II\u2014Investigations of vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors","volume":"1","author":"Laemmert","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-018-1361-2","article-title":"Surveillance of Arboviruses in Primates and Sloths in the Atlantic Forest, Bahia, Brazil","volume":"4","author":"Catenacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112563","article-title":"Emergence of a new arbovirus disease in Brazil","volume":"107","author":"Lopes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101984000400007","article-title":"Encefalite na regi\u00e3o do Vale do Ribeira, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil, no per\u00edodo p\u00f3s-epid\u00eamico de 1978 a 1983: Situa\u00e7\u00e3o do diagn\u00f3stico etiol\u00f3gico e caracter\u00edsticas epidemiol\u00f3gicas","volume":"18","author":"Iversson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2017). Brasil Guia de Vigil\u00e2ncia de Epizootias em Primatas n\u00e3o Humanos e Entomologia Aplicada \u00e0 Vigil\u00e2ncia da Febre Amarela, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23000","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23000","article-title":"Capture of Alouatta guariba clamitans for the surveillance of sylvatic yellow fever and zoonotic malaria: Which is the best strategy in the tropical Atlantic Forest?","volume":"81","author":"Abreu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0194-y","article-title":"Potential of Aedes albopictus as a bridge vector for enzootic pathogens at the urban-forest interfacein Brazil\u2014Approved with minor corrections","volume":"7","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1568180","article-title":"Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in Brazil, 2016\u20132018","volume":"8","author":"Abreu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moutailler, S., Yousfi, L., Mousson, L., Devillers, E., Vazeille, M., Vega-R\u00faa, A., Perrin, Y., Jourdain, F., Chandre, F., and Cannet, A. (2019). A New High-Throughput Tool to Screen Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Zika Virus Endemic\/Epidemic Areas. Viruses, 11.","DOI":"10.1101\/764704"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonaldo, M.C., Ribeiro, I.P., Lima, N.S., dos Santos, A.A.C., Menezes, L.S.R., da Cruz, S.O.D., de Mello, I.S., Furtado, N.D., de Moura, E.E., and Damasceno, L. (2016). Isolation of Infective Zika Virus from Urine and Saliva of Patients in Brazil. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1101\/045443"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2003). WHO Guidelines for Plaque Reduction Neutralization Testing of Human Antibodies to Dengue Viruses, WHO."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00523-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00523-17","article-title":"Limited Evidence for Infection of Urban and Peri-urban Nonhuman Primates with Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Brazil","volume":"3","author":"Carneiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(99)00059-1","article-title":"Evaluation of an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dengue diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Miagostovich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30426","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.50.30426","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections by a novel NS1-based ELISA devoid of cross-reactivity with dengue virus antibodies: A multicohort study of assay performance, 2015 to 2016","volume":"21","author":"Steinhagen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001033","article-title":"Genomic and structural features of the yellow fever virus from the 2016-2017 Brazilian outbreak","volume":"99","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinheiro, G.G., Rocha, M.N., de Oliveira, M.A., Moreira, L.A., and Andrade Filho, J.D. (2019). Detection of Yellow Fever Virus in Sylvatic Mosquitoes during Disease Outbreaks of 2017\u20132018 in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Insects, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10050136"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat7115","article-title":"Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential","volume":"361","author":"Faria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.026","article-title":"Evidence for multiple sylvatic transmission cycles during the 2016\u20132017 yellow fever virus outbreak, Brazil","volume":"24","author":"Torres","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01079","article-title":"Distinct YFV Lineages Co-circulated in the Central-Western and Southeastern Brazilian Regions from 2015 to 2018","volume":"10","author":"Delatorre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2019.29","article-title":"Yellow fever outbreak in a rural-urban mixed community of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Brazil: Epidemiological aspects","volume":"43","author":"Moussallem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Panam. Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30333-9","article-title":"Outbreak of human malaria caused by Plasmodium simium in the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro: A molecular epidemiological investigation","volume":"5","author":"Brasil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56650-1","article-title":"Origin of the S\u00e3o Paulo Yellow Fever epidemic of 2017\u20132018 revealed through molecular epidemiological analysis of fatal cases","volume":"9","author":"Cunha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5216\/rpt.v47i1.52274","article-title":"The spread of jungle Yellow fever","volume":"47","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Patol. Trop. J. Trop. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"(2019, June 06). Brasil N\u00e3o h\u00e1 Registro Confirmado de Febre Amarela Urbana no Brasil, Available online: http:\/\/www.saude.gov.br\/noticias\/agencia-saude\/42486-nao-ha-registro-confirmado-de-febre-amarela-urbana-no-brasil."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.21010","article-title":"Yellow fever outbreak affecting Alouatta populations in southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State), 2008\u20132009","volume":"74","author":"Almeida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150075","article-title":"Yellow fever impact on brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in Argentina: A metamodelling approach based on population viability analysis and epidemiological dynamics","volume":"110","author":"Moreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652011000300004","article-title":"Isolation of Yellow Fever virus (YFV) from naturally infected Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Diptera, Culicidae) in S\u00e3o Paulo state, Brazil, 2009","volume":"53","author":"Petrella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"18","article-title":"Yellow fever threatens Atlantic Forest primates J\u00falio","volume":"1600946","author":"Rylands","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41950-3","article-title":"Epizootics due to Yellow Fever Virus in S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil: Viral dissemination to new areas (2016\u20132017)","volume":"9","author":"Cunha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1950.s1-30.733","article-title":"The geographical distribution of immunity to yellow fever among the primates of Brazil","volume":"30","author":"Kumm","year":"1950","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12417","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilh\u00e9us, and Saint Louis Encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever monitoring surveillance in non-human primates ( Alouatta caraya ) in southern Brazil","volume":"48","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Primatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190076","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760190076","article-title":"Combination of surveillance tools reveals that Yellow Fever virus can remain in the same Atlantic Forest area at least for three transmission seasons","volume":"114","author":"Abreu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"555","article-title":"The Invasion of Small Forests by Yellow Fever Virus as Indicated by Immunity in Cebus Monkeys 1","volume":"1","author":"Causey","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedigan, L.M. (2017). Capuchin Monkeys ( Sapajus and Cebus ). The International Encyclopedia of Primatology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119179313.wbprim0056"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12829","article-title":"Seroprevalence of selected flaviviruses in free-living and captive capuchin monkeys in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil","volume":"65","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.52.3.405","article-title":"The susceptibility of Marmosets to Yellow fever virus","volume":"52","author":"Davis","year":"1930","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742011000400012","article-title":"Epizootias em primatas n\u00e3o humanos durante reemerg\u00eancia do v\u00edrus da febre amarela no Brasil, 2007 a 2009","volume":"20","author":"Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Servi\u00e7os Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2312.170685","article-title":"Outbreak of Yellow Fever among Nonhuman Primates, Espirito Santo, Brazil, 2017","volume":"23","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.1.73-83.1998","article-title":"Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus","volume":"72","author":"Kuno","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3028","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00975-17","article-title":"Evaluation of a Novel Reporter Virus Neutralization Test for Serological Diagnosis of Zika and Dengue Virus Infection","volume":"55","author":"Shan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karna, A.K., Azar, S.R., Plante, J.A., Yun, R., Vasilakis, N., Weaver, S.C., Hansen, I.A., and Hanley, A.A. (2018). Colonized Sabethes cyaneus, a Sylvatic New World Mosquito Species, Shows a Low Vector Competence for Zika Virus Relative to Aedes aegypti. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10080434"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56669-4","article-title":"Low vector competence in sylvatic mosquitoes limits Zika virus to initiate an enzootic cycle in South America","volume":"9","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17067-w","article-title":"Experimental Zika Virus Inoculation in a New World Monkey Model Reproduces Key Features of the Human Infection","volume":"7","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0322","article-title":"Experimental Zika Virus Infection of Neotropical Primates","volume":"98","author":"Vanchiere","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/4\/364\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:11:45Z","timestamp":1760173905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/4\/364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["v12040364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12040364","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]}}}