{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:05:45Z","timestamp":1791533145478,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LO-2338\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LO-2338\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LO-2338\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LO-2338\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CellNetworks, Heidelberg","award":["Research Group funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Group funds"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006488","name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Start-up funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Start-up funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008656","name":"Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AO14LOZACH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AO14LOZACH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008656","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011074","name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDEX-Impulsion 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDEX-Impulsion 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sand fly-borne Toscana virus (TOSV) is the major cause of human meningoencephalitis in the Mediterranean basin during the summer season. In this work, we have developed a T7 RNA polymerase-driven reverse genetics system to recover infectious particles of a lineage B strain of TOSV. The viral protein pattern and growth properties of the rescued virus (rTOSV) were found to be similar to those of the corresponding wild-type (wt) virus. Using this system, we genetically engineered a TOSV mutant lacking expression of the non-structural protein NSs (rTOSV\u0278NSs). Unlike rTOSV and the wt virus, rTOSV\u0278NSs was unable to (i) suppress interferon (IFN)-b messenger RNA induction; and (ii) grow efficiently in cells producing IFN-b. Together, our results highlight the importance of NSs for TOSV in evading the IFN response and provide a comprehensive toolbox to investigate the TOSV life cycle in mammalian and insect host cells, including several novel polyclonal antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T06:10:28Z","timestamp":1586153428000},"page":"400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Novel Toscana Virus Reverse Genetics System Establishes NSs as an Antagonist of Type I Interferon Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"Woelfl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7148-7125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Psylvia","family":"L\u00e9ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Oreshkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7445-2259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Pahmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Windhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5606-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Stanifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gleyder","family":"Roman Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Virology Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9770-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zina M.","family":"Uckeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9953-7988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix A.","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Virology Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8614-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steeve","family":"Boulant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0329-0176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Kortekaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Virology, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of 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