{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:03:38Z","timestamp":1790435018925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The ministry of Health, Labor, and Walfare in Japan","award":["24180601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24180601"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008732","name":"Uehara Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["64 in 2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["64 in 2007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV reactivation from latency is induced by cytokines but also by cell contact with other cells. To better understand this, J1.1 cells, a latent HIV-1-infected Jurkat derivative, were cocultured with its parental Jurkat. J1.1 cells became p17MA-positive and produced a high level of HIV p24CA antigen, only when they were cocultured with stimulated Jurkat with cell-to-cell contact. In contrast, very little p24CA was produced when they were cocultured without cell contact. Similar results were obtained when latent ACH-2 and its parental A3.01 cells were cocultured. Confocal microscopy revealed that not only HIV-1 p17MA and gp120Env but also LFA-1, CD81, CD59, and TCR CD3 accumulated at the cell contact site, suggesting formation of the virological synapse-like structure. LFA-1\u2013ICAM-1 interaction was involved in the cell-to-cell contact. When J1.1 was cocultured with TCR-deficient Jurkat, the p17MA-positive rate was significantly lower, although the cell-to-cell contact was not impaired. Quantitative proteomics identified 54 membrane molecules, one of which was MHC class I, that accumulated at the cell contact site. Reactivation from latency was also influenced by the presence of stromal cells. Our study indicated that latent HIV-1 in J1.1\/ACH-2 cells was efficiently reactivated by cell-to-cell contact with stimulated parental cells, accompanying the virological synapse-like structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T03:40:19Z","timestamp":1586403619000},"page":"417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["HIV Reactivation in Latently Infected Cells with Virological Synapse-Like Cell Contact"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Okutomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Minakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riku","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koko","family":"Katagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1295","article-title":"Identification of a Reservoir for HIV-1 in Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"278","author":"Finzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1291","article-title":"Recovery of Replication-Competent HIV Despite Prolonged Suppression of Plasma Viremia","volume":"278","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328353f3f1","article-title":"HIV reservoirs: Pathogenesis and obstacles to viral eradication and cure","volume":"26","author":"Chun","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1284","article-title":"In Vivo fate of HIV-1-infected T cells: Quantitative analysis of the transition to stable latency","volume":"1","author":"Chun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/387183a0","article-title":"Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection","volume":"387","author":"Chun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1086\/527324","article-title":"Persistence of HIV in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue despite Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"197","author":"Chun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexaki, A., and Wigdahl, B. (2008). HIV-1 Infection of Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Their Role in Trafficking and Viral Dissemination. PLoS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000215"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9337","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00895-12","article-title":"Latent HIV-1 Infection Occurs in Multiple Subsets of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Is Reversed by NF-B Activation","volume":"86","author":"McNamara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000691","article-title":"A new model for post-integration latency in macroglial cells to study HIV-1 reservoirs of the brain","volume":"29","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F79","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199711000-00002","article-title":"Overshoot of HIV-1 viraemia after early discontinuation of antiretroviral treatment","volume":"11","author":"Foudraine","year":"1997","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10958","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.20.10958","article-title":"Latent reservoirs of HIV: Obstacles to the eradication of virus","volume":"96","author":"Chun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.665","article-title":"Reservoirs for HIV-1: Mechanisms for Viral Persistence in the Presence of Antiviral Immune Responses and Antiretroviral Therapy","volume":"18","author":"Pierson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/9498","article-title":"Effect of interleukin-2 on the pool of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active anti-retroviral therapy","volume":"5","author":"Chun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/9454","article-title":"Latent reservoirs of HIV infection: Flushing with IL-2?","volume":"5","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, P., Agosto, L.M., Ilinskaya, A., Dorjbal, B., Truong, R., Derse, D., Uchil, P.D., Heidecker, G., and Mothes, W. (2013). Cell-to-Cell Transmission Can Overcome Multiple Donor and Target Cell Barriers Imposed on Cell-Free HIV. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053138"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030648","article-title":"HIV-1 Cell to Cell Transfer across an Env-induced, Actin-dependent Synapse","volume":"199","author":"Jolly","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12582","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00381-07","article-title":"Predominant Mode of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transfer between T Cells Is Mediated by Sustained Env-Dependent Neutralization-Resistant Virological Synapses","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167525","article-title":"Quantitative 3D Video Microscopy of HIV Transfer Across T Cell Virological Synapses","volume":"323","author":"McNerney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6234","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00282-09","article-title":"Simultaneous Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Multiple Targets through Polysynapses","volume":"83","author":"Rudnicka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llewellyn, G.N., Hogue, I.B., Grover, J.R., and Ono, A. (2010). Nucleocapsid Promotes Localization of HIV-1 Gag to Uropods That Participate in Virological Synapses between T Cells. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001167"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"e01605","article-title":"Visualization of HIV T Cell Virological Synapses and Virus-Containing Compartments by Three-Dimensional Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80694-7","article-title":"DC-SIGN, a Dendritic Cell-Specific HIV-1-Binding Protein that Enhances trans-Infection of T Cells","volume":"100","author":"Geijtenbeek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084238","article-title":"Recruitment of HIV and Its Receptors to Dendritic Cell-T Cell Junctions","volume":"300","author":"McDonald","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.3390\/v2081704","article-title":"Dendritic Cells and HIV-1 Trans-Infection","volume":"2","author":"McDonald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9445","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00835-08","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope gp120 Induces a Stop Signal and Virological Synapse Formation in Noninfected CD4+ T Cells","volume":"82","author":"Tuen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11341","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01440-09","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope gp120-Induced Partial T-Cell Receptor Signaling Creates an F-Actin-Depleted Zone in the Virological Synapse","volume":"83","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3390\/v2051239","article-title":"HIV-1 Virological Synapse is not Simply a Copycat of the Immunological Synapse","volume":"2","author":"Dustin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3313729","article-title":"Cytokine-induced expression of HIV-1 in a chronically infected promonocyte cell line","volume":"238","author":"Folks","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.1.108","article-title":"Interleukin 1 induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus alone and in synergy with interleukin 6 in chronically infected U1 cells: Inhibition of inductive effects by the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist","volume":"91","author":"Poli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13077","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.4.1673-1681.2002","article-title":"Interleukin-7 Induces Expression of Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with Minimal Effects on T-Cell Phenotype","volume":"76","author":"Brooks","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.02.019","article-title":"Interleukin-7 induces HIV replication in primary naive T cells through a nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT)-dependent pathway","volume":"350","author":"Managlia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2007.05.017","article-title":"Regulation of HIV-1 latency by T-cell activation","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6735","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.6735","article-title":"Mechanisms for Macrophage-Mediated HIV-1 Induction","volume":"173","author":"Devadas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.11.014","article-title":"Efficient induction of HIV-1 replication in latently infected cells through contact with CD4+ T cells: Involvement of NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"361","author":"Qi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Sluis, R.M., van Montfort, T., Pollakis, G., Sanders, R.W., Speijer, D., Berkhout, B., and Jeeninga, R.E. (2013). Dendritic Cell-induced Activation of Latent HIV-1 Provirus in Actively Proliferating Primary T Lymphocytes. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003259"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01186.x","article-title":"Interaction between chronically HIV-infected promonocytic cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells: Role of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in viral expression modulation","volume":"120","author":"Borghi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.4.2133-2139.1995","article-title":"Replication of macrophage-tropic and T-cell-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is augmented by macrophage-endothelial cell contact","volume":"69","author":"Gilles","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1567.1567","article-title":"Upregulation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in chronically infected monocytic cell line by both contact with endothelial cells and cytokines","volume":"84","author":"Fan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9768","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01478-13","article-title":"Endothelial Cell Stimulation Overcomes Restriction and Promotes Productive and Latent HIV-1 Infection of Resting CD4+ T Cells","volume":"87","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2588","article-title":"Stromal cell contributions to the homeostasis and functionality of the immune system","volume":"9","author":"Mueller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2886","article-title":"The stromal and haematopoietic antigen-presenting cells that reside in secondary lymphoid organs","volume":"10","author":"Turley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32657-y","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells are attracted to latent HIV-1-infected cells and enable virus reactivation via a non-canonical PI3K-NF\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Chandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.9.3145","article-title":"An HIV-1-infected T cell clone defective in IL-2 production and Ca2+ mobilization after CD3 stimulation","volume":"147","author":"Perez","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.2.431","article-title":"Monokine regulation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression in a chronically infected human T cell clone","volume":"142","author":"Clouse","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6782","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.10.6782-6786.1994","article-title":"The activity of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is initiated at the membrane of infected cells before the release of viral proteins and is required for release to occur with maximum efficiency","volume":"68","author":"Kaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.6.1956-1969.2000","article-title":"Rap1 Is a Potent Activation Signal for Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen 1 Distinct from Protein Kinase C and Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase","volume":"20","author":"Katagiri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Terho, P. (2020, April 08). Flowing Software. Available online: http:\/\/www.flowingsoftware.com."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8207","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606324200","article-title":"Identifying the Membrane Proteome of HIV-1 Latently Infected Cells","volume":"282","author":"Berro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-63","article-title":"Reactivation from latency displays HIV particle budding at plasma membrane, accompanying CD44 upregulation and recruitment","volume":"6","author":"Suyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.1.273","article-title":"Characterization of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1)-deficient T cell lines: The alphaL and beta2 subunits are interdependent for cell surface expression","volume":"158","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-75","article-title":"Dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 transmission to T cells of LAD-1 patients is impaired due to the defect in LFA-1","volume":"3","author":"Groot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13916","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01585-07","article-title":"Adhesion Molecule Interactions Facilitate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Induced Virological Synapse Formation between T Cells","volume":"81","author":"Jolly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9841","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01152-16","article-title":"LFA-1 Engagement Triggers T Cell Polarization at the HIV-1 Virological Synapse","volume":"90","author":"Starling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241320298","article-title":"Plasma membrane rafts play a critical role in HIV-1 assembly and release","volume":"98","author":"Ono","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.8.4805-4817.2003","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly and Lipid Rafts: Pr55gag Associates with Membrane Domains That Are Largely Resistant to Brij98 but Sensitive to Triton X-100","volume":"77","author":"Holm","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9749","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00743-11","article-title":"Gag Induces the Coalescence of Clustered Lipid Rafts and Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains at HIV-1 Assembly Sites on the Plasma Membrane","volume":"85","author":"Hogue","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200508165","article-title":"Mapping of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains that can function as gateways for HIV-1","volume":"173","author":"Nydegger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2010.01111.x","article-title":"HIV-1 Assembly Differentially Alters Dynamics and Partitioning of Tetraspanins and Raft Components","volume":"11","author":"Krementsov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.057","article-title":"HIV-1 Activates T Cell Signaling Independently of Antigen to Drive Viral Spread","volume":"18","author":"Len","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910190505","article-title":"Characterization of EBV-genome negative \u201cnull\u201d and \u201cT\u201d cell lines derived from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leukemic transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Schneider","year":"1977","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.5.1284","article-title":"Requirement for the coexpression of T3 and the T cell antigen receptor on a malignant human T cell line","volume":"160","author":"Weiss","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"41","article-title":"CD3 receptor modulation in Jurkat leukemic cell line","volume":"42","author":"Witkowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Histochem. Cytobiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.3.842","article-title":"Biosynthesis and glycosylation of p150,95 and related leukocyte adhesion proteins","volume":"139","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.4.997.bloodjournal854997","article-title":"Functionally distinct human marrow stromal cell lines immortalized by transduction with the human papilloma virus E6\/E7 genes","volume":"85","author":"Roecklein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0844","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of the functionally distinct human bone marrow stromal cell lines HS-5 and HS-27a","volume":"100","author":"Graf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12088","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.18.12088-12094.2005","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virological Synapse Formation in T Cells Requires Lipid Raft Integrity","volume":"79","author":"Jolly","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7873","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01845-06","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly, Budding, and Cell-Cell Spread in T Cells Take Place in Tetraspanin-Enriched Plasma Membrane Domains","volume":"81","author":"Jolly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.3390\/v2081666","article-title":"HIV-1 Virological Synapse: Live Imaging of Transmission","volume":"2","author":"Feldmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1139","article-title":"Protein microarrays for multiplex analysis of signal transduction pathways","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0340779","article-title":"Proteome Analysis of Lipid Rafts in Jurkat Cells Characterizes a Raft Subset That Is Involved in NF-\u03baB Activation","volume":"3","author":"Tu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M300064-MCP200","article-title":"Expression Profiling of Lymphocyte Plasma Membrane Proteins","volume":"3","author":"Peirce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-097907","article-title":"CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 increase permissiveness of resting memory CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection: A novel model of HIV-1 latency","volume":"110","author":"Saleh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-8-80","article-title":"Expression and reactivation of HIV in a chemokine induced model of HIV latency in primary resting CD4+ T cells","volume":"8","author":"Saleh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-90","article-title":"HIV latency and integration site placement in five cell-based models","volume":"10","author":"Lewinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-014-0241-9","article-title":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Integration Sites in Viral Latency","volume":"12","author":"Rezaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. HIV AIDS Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000309","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of histone modifications in latently HIV-1 infected T cells","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/4\/417\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:16:36Z","timestamp":1760174196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/12\/4\/417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["v12040417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12040417","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]}}}