{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:22:59Z","timestamp":1791440579170,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006227","name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC52-07NA27344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC52-07NA27344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI128953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI128953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI128005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI128005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Insect Vector Seed Grant","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"CONACyT-MEXBOL","award":["No. 295569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 295569"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIP 20181120 and 20195706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP 20181120 and 20195706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Cooperative agreement # U01CK000512 and Contract # 200-2017-93141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Cooperative agreement # U01CK000512 and Contract # 200-2017-93141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mosquito-borne viruses are emerging or re-emerging globally, afflicting millions of people around the world. Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is the principal vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, and has well-established populations across tropical and subtropical urban areas of the Americas, including the southern United States. While intense arboviral epidemics have occurred in Mexico and further south in the Americas, local transmission in the United States has been minimal. Here, we study Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus host feeding patterns and vertebrate host communities in residential environments of South Texas to identify host-utilization relative to availability. Only 31% of Ae. aegypti blood meals were derived from humans, while 50% were from dogs and 19% from other wild and domestic animals. In Cx. quinquefasciatus, 67% of blood meals were derived from chicken, 22% came from dogs, 9% from various wild avian species, and 2% from other mammals including one human, one cat, and one pig. We developed a model for the reproductive number, R0, for Zika virus (ZIKV) in South Texas relative to northern Mexico using human disease data from Tamaulipas, Mexico. We show that ZIKV R0 in South Texas communities could be greater than one if the risk of human exposure to Ae. aegypti bites in these communities is at least 60% that of Northern Mexico communities. The high utilization of non-human vertebrates and low risk of human exposure in South Texas diminishes the outbreak potential for human-amplified urban arboviruses transmitted by Ae. aegypti.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12040453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T04:49:38Z","timestamp":1587444578000},"page":"453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["High Rate of Non-Human Feeding by Aedes aegypti Reduces Zika Virus Transmission in South Texas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mark F.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martial L.","family":"Ndeffo-Mbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose G.","family":"Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selene","family":"Garcia-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2924-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica K.","family":"Borucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Chemistry, Materials and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Chemistry, Materials and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Guillermo","family":"Estrada-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Cd. Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0905-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Cd. Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia A.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Cd. Reynosa 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria de Jes\u00fas","family":"Molina-Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santos Daniel","family":"Carmona Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardita de Lourdes","family":"Reyes-Berrones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Javier","family":"Cort\u00e9s-De la cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Garc\u00eda-Barrientos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal E.","family":"Huidobro-Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina M.","family":"Brussolo-Ceballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretary of Health of the State of Tamaulipas, Epidemiology Directorate, Cd. Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josue","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department, City of Harlingen, TX 78550, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hidalgo County Health &amp; Human Services, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Costarricense de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud (INCIENSA), Apartado Postal, Tres R\u00edos, Cartago 4-2250, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismael E.","family":"Badillo-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9829-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel L.","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.01.001","article-title":"Emergence and re-emergence of mosquito-borne arboviruses","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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