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Although enormous efforts have aimed to prevent and treat influenza infections, seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks remain a major public health concern. This is largely because influenza viruses rapidly undergo genetic mutations that restrict the long-lasting efficacy of vaccine-induced immune responses and therapeutic regimens. In this review, we discuss the virological features of influenza A viruses and provide an overview of current knowledge of the innate sensing of invading influenza viruses and the protective immune responses in the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12050504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T03:29:39Z","timestamp":1588562979000},"page":"504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Host Protective Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6501-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hi Eun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3977-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heung Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea"},{"name":"KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.11.043","article-title":"Epidemiological, antigenic and genetic characteristics of seasonal influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and B influenza viruses: Basis for the WHO recommendation on the composition of influenza vaccines for use in the 2009\u20132010 northern hemisphere season","volume":"28","author":"Barr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000532","article-title":"Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development","volume":"32","author":"Hayden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. 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