{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:36:02Z","timestamp":1791441362399,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010666","name":"H2020 Research Infrastructures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["871029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["871029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010688","name":"H2020 Fast Track to Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101003544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PREPMedVet"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PREPMedVet"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010686","name":"H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["823666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["823666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical samples collected in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), patients are commonly manipulated in biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular diagnostic purposes. Here, we tested French norm NF-EN-14476+A2 derived from European standard EN-14885 to assess the risk of manipulating infectious viruses prior to RNA extraction. SARS-CoV-2 cell-culture supernatant and nasopharyngeal samples (virus-spiked samples and clinical samples collected in COVID-19 patients) were used to measure the reduction of infectivity after 10 min contact with lysis buffer containing various detergents and chaotropic agents. A total of thirteen protocols were evaluated. Two commercially available formulations showed the ability to reduce infectivity by at least 6 log 10, whereas others proved less effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12060624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T05:16:14Z","timestamp":1591679774000},"page":"624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Evaluation of Chemical Protocols for Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Infectious Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5233-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Pastorino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4734-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Touret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Gilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0738-5957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea","family":"Luciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"de Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7675-8251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remi N.","family":"Charrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S.C., and Di Napoli, R. 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Methods"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2207.160233","article-title":"Effective Chemical Inactivation of Ebola Virus","volume":"22","author":"Haddock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03913-9","article-title":"Viral RNA load as determined by cell culture as a management tool for discharge of SARS-CoV-2 patients from infectious disease wards. Version 2","volume":"39","author":"Andreani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973","article-title":"Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1","volume":"382","author":"Bushmaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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