{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T03:05:03Z","timestamp":1768446303099,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South African National Research Foundation","award":["xxx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xxx"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001323","name":"Poliomyelitis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xxx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xxx"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stella and Paul Lowenstein Trust","award":["xxx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xxx"]}]},{"name":"Canon and Collins Scholarship","award":["xxx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xxx"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective study investigated the impact of lamivudine-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV-positive patients in South Africa with baseline hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Follow-up samples from 56 HBV\/HIV co-infected patients, 25 with occult HBV infection (OBI) and 31 with chronic HBV infection (CHB), were available for analysis. HBV viral loads were quantified at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-ART initiation by the COBAS TaqMan HBV Test 48 assay, and the HBV polymerase gene was amplified with an in-house nested polymerase chain reaction assay. During 24 months of lamivudine-based ART, 6 of 8 (75%) OBI and 4 of 6 (67%) CHB patients achieved undetectable levels of HBV DNA, while 2 patients had persistent HBV DNA levels \u2265 2 \u00d7 105 despite lamivudine-based ART for 24 months. HIV viremia was undetectable in all patients at 12 months, suggesting high adherence to ART. Several lamivudine-associated HBV resistance mutations, including L180M, A181T, M204I, and M204V, were observed. Sequence analysis also revealed a rare genotype G infection. While resource-limited settings may use lamivudine-based ART because of availability and low cost, antivirals with dual therapy against HBV and HIV (e.g., lamivudine and tenofovir) should always be recommended with the regular monitoring of HBV viremia levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12060634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T05:02:24Z","timestamp":1591938144000},"page":"634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Impact of Lamivudine-Based Antiretroviral Treatment on Hepatitis B Viremia in HIV-Coinfected South Africans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Azwidowi","family":"Lukhwareni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"},{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maemu Petronella","family":"Gededzha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3913-0457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edina","family":"Amponsah-Dacosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"},{"name":"Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2876-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason T.","family":"Blackard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1346-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary J.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5101-5198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selokela Gloria","family":"Selabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanda","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8172-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Jeffrey","family":"Mphahlele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV and Hepatitis Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and National Health Laboratory Service, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council, Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria 0118, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300409","article-title":"Liver fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. 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