{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:17:01Z","timestamp":1783383421332,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI130123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI130123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM083144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM083144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although orthopoxviruses (OPXV) are known to encode a majority of the genes required for replication in host cells, genome-wide genetic screens have revealed that several host pathways are indispensable for OPXV infection. Through a haploid genetic screen, we previously identified several host genes required for monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection, including the individual genes that form the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. The COG complex is an eight-protein (COG1\u2013COG8) vesicle tethering complex important for regulating membrane trafficking, glycosylation enzymes, and maintaining Golgi structure. In this study, we investigated the role of the COG complex in OPXV infection using cell lines with individual COG gene knockout (KO) mutations. COG KO cells infected with MPXV and vaccinia virus (VACV) produced small plaques and a lower virus yield compared to wild type (WT) cells. In cells where the KO phenotype was reversed using a rescue plasmid, the size of virus plaques increased demonstrating a direct link between the decrease in viral spread and the KO of COG genes. KO cells infected with VACV displayed lower levels of viral fusion and entry compared to WT suggesting that the COG complex is important for early events in OPXV infection. Additionally, fewer actin tails were observed in VACV-infected KO cells compared to WT. Since COG complex proteins are required for cellular trafficking of glycosylated membrane proteins, the disruption of this process due to lack of individual COG complex proteins may potentially impair the virus-cell interactions required for viral entry and egress. These data validate that the COG complex previously identified in our genetic screens plays a role in OPXV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12070707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T09:04:59Z","timestamp":1593507899000},"page":"707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Conserved Oligomeric Golgi (COG) Complex Proteins Facilitate Orthopoxvirus Entry, Fusion and Spread"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Realegeno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0479-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lalita","family":"Priyamvada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica B.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hartloge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas S.","family":"Puschnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryaprakash","family":"Sambhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7729-7680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan E.","family":"Carette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Lupashin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayampalli Subbian","family":"Satheshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 3033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.04.012","article-title":"Vaccinia virus strain differences in cell attachment and entry","volume":"389","author":"Bengali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.08.044","article-title":"Orthopoxvirus species and strain differences in cell entry","volume":"433","author":"Bengali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.2.1577-1585.1998","article-title":"A27L protein mediates vaccinia virus interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate","volume":"72","author":"Chung","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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