{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:02:10Z","timestamp":1778893330804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a pathogen that causes acute viral hepatitis, is a small icosahedral, quasi-enveloped, positive ssRNA virus. Its genome has three open reading frames (ORFs), with ORF1 and ORF3 encoding for nonstructural and regulatory proteins, respectively, while ORF2 is translated into the structural, capsid protein. ORF2 is most widely used for vaccine development in viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E virus-like particles (VLPs) are potential vaccine candidates against HEV infection. VLPs are composed of capsid subunits mimicking the natural configuration of the native virus but lack the genetic material needed for replication. As a result, VLPs are unable to replicate and cause disease, constituting safe vaccine platforms. Currently, the recombinant VLP-based vaccine Hecolin\u00ae against HEV is only licensed in China. Herein, systematic information about the expression of various HEV ORF2 sequences and their ability to form VLPs in different systems is provided.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12080826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T12:15:38Z","timestamp":1596111338000},"page":"826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Progress in the Production of Virus-Like Particles for Vaccination against Hepatitis E Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Milena","family":"Mazalovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8679-2536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Calvin","family":"Kouokam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"},{"name":"James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61849-7","article-title":"Hepatitis E","volume":"379","author":"Kamar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Holla, R.P., Ahmad, I., Ahmad, Z., and Jameel, S. (2013). Molecular virology of hepatitis E virus. 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