{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:36:05Z","timestamp":1791005765546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-75-10096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-75-10096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing use of the integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) class for the treatment of HIV-infection has pointed to the importance of analyzing the features of HIV-1 subtypes for an improved understanding of viral genetic variability in the occurrence of drug resistance (DR). In this study, we have described the prevalence of INSTI DR in a Russian cohort and the genetic features of HIV-1 integrase sub-subtype A6. We included 408 HIV infected patients who were not exposed to INSTI. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were detected among 1.3% of ART-na\u00efve patients and among 2.7% of INSTI-na\u00efve patients. The prevalence of 12 polymorphic mutations was significantly different between sub-subtypes A6 and A1. Analysis of the genetic barriers determined two positions in which subtype A (A1 and A6) showed a higher genetic barrier (G140C and V151I) compared with subtype B, and one position in which subtypes A1 and B displayed a higher genetic barrier (L74M and L74I) than sub-subtype A6. Additionally, we confirmed that the L74I mutation was selected at the early stage of the epidemic and subsequently spread as a founder effect in Russia. Our data have added to the overall understanding of the genetic features of sub-subtype A6 in the context of drug resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12080838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T03:16:46Z","timestamp":1596424606000},"page":"838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Genetic Features of HIV-1 Integrase Sub-Subtype A6 Predominant in Russia and Predicted Susceptibility to INSTIs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7116-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Kirichenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6328-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya","family":"Lapovok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Baryshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A. M. C.","family":"van de Vijver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen J. A.","family":"van Kampen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles A. B.","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6167-7152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Paraskevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Goudi, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Kireev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Reference on HIV Infection in the Russian Federation (2019, October 31). 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