{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:54:56Z","timestamp":1785887696487,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR-2011-02349732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2011-02349732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004097","name":"Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJA 20151203192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJA 20151203192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Comit\u00e9 du Rh\u00f4ne","award":["Projet Pluri-Equipes 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Projet Pluri-Equipes 2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both mucosal and cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) can be detected in the oral cavity, but investigations regarding the epidemiology of cutaneous HPVs at this site are scarce. We assessed mucosal (alpha) and cutaneous (beta and gamma) HPV infection in oral samples of HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Oral rinse-and-gargles were collected from 310 MSM. Alpha HPVs were detected using the Linear Array, whereas beta and gamma HPVs were detected using multiplex PCR and Luminex technology. An amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) protocol was applied to a subset of samples collected from 30 HIV-uninfected and 30 HIV-infected MSM. Beta HPVs were significantly more common than alpha types (53.8% vs. 23.9% for HIV-infected subjects, p &lt; 0.0001; 50.3% vs. 17.1% for HIV-uninfected subjects, p &lt; 0.0001). Gamma HPVs were also frequently detected (30.8% and 25.9% in HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, respectively). NGS produced 2,620,725 reads representative of 146 known HPVs (16 alpha-PVs, 53 beta-PVs, 76 gamma-PVs, one unclassified) and eight putative new HPVs, taxonomically assigned to the beta genus. The oral cavity contains a wide spectrum of HPVs, with beta types representing the predominant genus. The prevalence of beta and gamma HPVs is high even in immunorestored HIV-infected individuals. NGS confirmed the abundance of cutaneous HPVs and identified some putative novel beta HPVs. This study confirms that cutaneous HPVs are frequently present at mucosal sites and highlights that their pathological role deserves further investigation since it may not be limited to skin lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12080899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T21:58:53Z","timestamp":1597701533000},"page":"899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Oral Infection by Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses in the Men Who Have Sex with Men from the OHMAR Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarik","family":"Gheit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario N","family":"Brancaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Robitaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Galati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4523-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Latini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolorayngology Head&amp;Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Benevolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Cuenin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"McKay-Chopin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6051-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Pellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolorayngology Head&amp;Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cristaudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Morrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Tommasino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3250-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.07.009","article-title":"Betapapillomaviruses in the Anal Canal of HIV Positive and HIV Negative Men Who have Sex with Men","volume":"61","author":"Mlakar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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