{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T05:35:45Z","timestamp":1775280945363,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004166","name":"Medical University of Warsaw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No 1W51\/NM1\/15."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 1W51\/NM1\/15."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunosuppression is a risk factor of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, which might lead to development of (pre)malignant lesions of the cervix and lower anogenital tract. Results of HPV DNA testing using cervicovaginal self-samples are comparable to those that are clinician-obtained and therefore might be used in cervical screening. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infections, their risk factors and the genotypes distribution among women undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Women undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for at least three months due to solid organ transplantation or autoimmune disorders were asked to self-collect samples for HPV testing using cervicovaginal brushes and complete questionnaires regarding cervical cancer risk factors. HPV DNA detection and genotyping were performed using Genotyping kit HPV GP version 2. hrHPV was detected in 26\/90 (28.9%) specimens. Genotyping revealed a broad range of hrHPV, with type 16 being the most common genotype (11\/26). The components of bivalent\/quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccines cover all genotypes present in 4.4% and 17.8% women, respectively, and occur as a co-infection with other types in 12.2% and 23.3% of women, respectively. The only feature significantly associated with being hrHPV-positive was having at least two lifetime sexual partners. The high prevalence of hrHPV infections among immunosuppressed women emphasizes the need for regular cervical cancer screening with HPV DNA testing, which might be performed on self-collected specimen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12090962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T22:00:17Z","timestamp":1598824817000},"page":"962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA Detection Using Self-Sampling Devices in Women Undergoing Long Term Immunosuppressive Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8504-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Wielgos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9192-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronislawa","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-115 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0311-0884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gajane","family":"Martirosian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Suchonska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-115 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Gozdowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantology, Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urszula","family":"Oldakowska-Jedynak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, Transplantation Outpatient Clinic, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoulikha","family":"Jabiry-Zieniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-115 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Durlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplantology, Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8308-1023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Rudnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Wielgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-115 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380703","article-title":"Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women","volume":"338","author":"Ho","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. 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