{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:18:55Z","timestamp":1790684335802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/15_003\/0000495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZ.02.1.01\/0.0\/0.0\/15_003\/0000495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is an area of massive unmet clinical need worldwide. In spite of the development of powerful nucleoside\/nucleotide analogue (NUC) drugs, and the widespread use of immune stimulators such as interferon-alpha (IFN\u03b1) or PEGylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN\u03b1), substantial improvements in CHB standards of care are still required. We believe that the future for CHB treatment now rests with advanced therapeutics, vaccination, and precision medicine, if all are to bring under control this most resilient of virus infections. In spite of a plethora of active drug treatments, anti-viral vaccinations and diagnostic techniques, the management of CHB infection remains unresolved. The reason for this is the very complexity of the virus replication cycle itself, giving rise to multiple potential targets for therapeutic intervention some of which remain very intractable indeed. Our review is focused on discussing the potential impact that advanced therapeutics, vaccinations and precision medicine could have on the future management of CHB infection. We demonstrate that advanced therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CHB, in the form of gene and immune therapies, together with modern vaccination strategies, are now emerging rapidly to tackle the limitations of current therapeutic approaches to CHB treatment in clinic. In addition, precision medicine approaches are now gathering pace too, starting with personalized medicine. On the basis of this, we argue that the time has now come to accelerate the design and creation of precision therapeutic approaches (PTAs) for CHB treatment that are based on advanced diagnostic tools and nanomedicine, and which could maximize CHB disease detection, treatment, and monitoring in ways that could genuinely eliminate CHB infection altogether.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12090998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:11:51Z","timestamp":1599523911000},"page":"998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccinations, and Precision Medicine in the Treatment and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infections; Where Are We and Where Are We Going?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3718-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesh Selvaraj","family":"Duraisamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dattatry","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Lipensk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Huvarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"R\u016f\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc P.","family":"Windisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, \u010cern\u00e1 Pole, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"KP Therapeutics (Europe) s.r.o., Purky\u0148ova 649\/127, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0335-7","article-title":"Experimental models and therapeutic approaches for HBV","volume":"35","author":"Dandri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. 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