{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:38:33Z","timestamp":1790908713401,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this prospective study was to determine prevalence and potential risk factors of feline coronavirus (FCoV) shedding. Four consecutive fecal samples of 179 cats from 37 German breeding catteries were analyzed for FCoV ribonucleic acid (RNA) by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Prevalence of shedding was calculated using different numbers of fecal samples per cat (1\u20134) and different sampling intervals (5\u201328 days). Information on potential risk factors for FCoV shedding was obtained by a questionnaire. Risk factor analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Most cats (137\/179, 76.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 69.8\u201382.2) shed FCoV at least at once. None of the tested 37 catteries was free of FCoV. Prevalence calculated including all four (76.5%, 95% CI 69.8\u201382.2) or the last three (73.7%, 95% CI 66.8\u201379.7) samples per cat was significantly higher than the prevalence calculated with only the last sample (61.5%, 95% CI 54.2\u201368.3; p = 0.0029 and 0.0175, respectively). Young age was significantly associated with FCoV shedding while the other factors were not. For identification of FCoV shedders in multi-cat households, at least three fecal samples per cat should be analyzed. Young age is the most important risk factor for FCoV shedding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T09:03:48Z","timestamp":1599555828000},"page":"1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Shedding in German Catteries and Associated Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ute","family":"Klein-Richers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9750-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Hofmann-Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Unterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6826-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Leutenegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories Inc., 2825 KOVR Drive, West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Pantchev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Humboldstr. 2, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Balzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Humboldstr. 2, 70806 Kornwestheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Felten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.3390\/v4113245","article-title":"Biogenesis and dynamics of the coronavirus replicative structures","volume":"4","author":"Hagemeijer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-003-0162-1","article-title":"A comparative sequence analysis to revise the current taxonomy of the family Coronaviridae","volume":"148","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. 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