{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:39:41Z","timestamp":1792651181398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102507\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102507\/Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies transmitted by common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) has been known since the early 1900s but continues to expand geographically and in the range of species and environments affected. In this review, we present current knowledge of the epidemiology and management of rabies in D. rotundus and argue that it can be reasonably considered an emerging public health threat. We identify knowledge gaps related to the landscape determinants of the bat reservoir, reduction in bites on humans and livestock, and social barriers to prevention. We discuss how new technologies including autonomously-spreading vaccines and reproductive suppressants targeting bats might manage both rabies and undesirable growth of D. rotundus populations. Finally, we highlight widespread under-reporting of human and animal mortality and the scarcity of studies that quantify the efficacy of control measures such as bat culling. Collaborations between researchers and managers will be crucial to implement the next generation of rabies management in Latin America.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T09:03:48Z","timestamp":1599555828000},"page":"1002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Defining New Pathways to Manage the Ongoing Emergence of Bat Rabies in Latin America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3920-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio A.","family":"Benavides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for the Conservation and Development of Natural Resources ILLARIY, Lima 051, Peru"},{"name":"Departamento de Pediatr\u00eda, Obstetricia y Ginecolog\u00eda y de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Recuenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina San Fernando, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Uieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Suz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Ecolog\u00eda de Enfermedades y Una Salud, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3764-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Avila-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco, Villahermosa 86150, 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baldomero","family":"Molina-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan-American Center for Foot-and-mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health\u2014Pan American Health Organization\/World Health Organization (PANAFTOSA\u2014PAHO\/WHO), Rio de Janeiro 25045-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3920-0766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio Natal","family":"Vigilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan-American Center for Foot-and-mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health\u2014Pan American Health Organization\/World Health Organization (PANAFTOSA\u2014PAHO\/WHO), Rio de Janeiro 25045-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio Cesar Augusto","family":"Pompei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan-American Center for Foot-and-mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health\u2014Pan American Health Organization\/World Health Organization (PANAFTOSA\u2014PAHO\/WHO), Rio de Janeiro 25045-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2603-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Tizzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OIE-World Organisation for Animal Health, 75017 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6644-4518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Mastozoolog\u00eda, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15072, Peru"},{"name":"Programa de Conservaci\u00f3n de Murci\u00e9lagos de Per\u00fa, Lima 15072, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Ibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director Regional de la Direcci\u00f3n Regional Sectorial Agraria, Gobierno Regional de Apur\u00edmac, Abancay 03001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7475-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Streicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"},{"name":"MRC\u2013University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2017.03.023","article-title":"Successful strategies implemented towards the elimination of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere","volume":"143","author":"Escobar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benavides, J.A., Rojas Paniagua, E., Hampson, K., Valderrama, W., and Streicker, D.G. 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