{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:48:15Z","timestamp":1777463295719,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AI092041-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AI092041-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI115577"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI115577"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01AI125902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01AI125902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Repurposing FDA-approved compounds could provide the fastest route to alleviate the burden of disease caused by flaviviruses. In this study, three fluoroquinolones, enoxacin, difloxacin and ciprofloxacin, curtailed replication of flaviviruses Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), Langat (LGTV) and Modoc (MODV) in HEK-293 cells at low micromolar concentrations. Time-of-addition assays suggested that enoxacin suppressed ZIKV replication at an intermediate step in the virus life cycle, whereas ciprofloxacin and difloxacin had a wider window of efficacy. A129 mice infected with 1 \u00d7 105 plaque-forming units (pfu) ZIKV FSS13025 (n = 20) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (n = 11) on day 0 and treated with enoxacin at 10 mg\/kg or 15 mg\/kg or diluent orally twice daily on days 1\u20135 did not differ in weight change or virus titer in serum or brain. However, mice treated with enoxacin showed a significant, five-fold decrease in ZIKV titer in testes relative to controls. Mice infected with 1 \u00d7 102 pfu ZIKV (n = 13) or PBS (n = 13) on day 0 and treated with 15 mg\/kg oral enoxacin or diluent twice daily pre-treatment and days 1\u20135 post-treatment also did not differ in weight and viral load in the serum, brain, and liver, but mice treated with enoxacin showed a significant, 2.5-fold decrease in ZIKV titer in testes relative to controls. ZIKV can be sexually transmitted, so reduction of titer in the testes by enoxacin should be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12091022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1600031492000},"page":"1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Old Drugs with New Tricks: Efficacy of Fluoroquinolones to Suppress Replication of Flaviviruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1882-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacey L. P.","family":"Scroggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"},{"name":"Biology of Vector-Borne Viruses Section, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christy C.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA 99258, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Chinnasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9182-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasha R.","family":"Azar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Sciences, The University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin E.","family":"Schirtzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"},{"name":"Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin I.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"},{"name":"Science News, Washington, DC 20036, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Arterburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannan L.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060","article-title":"The global distribution and burden of dengue","volume":"496","author":"Bhatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mlakar, J., Korva, M., Tul, N., Popovi\u0107, M., Polj\u0161ak-Prijatelj, M., Mraz, J., Kolenc, M., Resman Rus, K., Vesnaver Vipotnik, T., and Fabjan Vodu\u0161ek, V. 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