{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:26:57Z","timestamp":1790242017803,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie","award":["Internal seed funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Internal seed funding"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-19-CE35-0001-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE35-0001-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Funding for regional Public Health Surveillance"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funding for regional Public Health Surveillance"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Secretariat for the Pacific Community","award":["Funding from the Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funding from the Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue virus (DENV) serotype-2 was detected in the South Pacific region in 2014 for the first time in 15 years. In 2016\u20132020, DENV-2 re-emerged in French Polynesia, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia, co-circulating with and later replacing DENV-1. In this context, epidemiological and molecular evolution data are paramount to decipher the diffusion route of this DENV-2 in the South Pacific region. In the current work, the E gene from 23 DENV-2 serum samples collected in Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia was sequenced. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed. While all DENV-2 strains sequenced belong to the Cosmopolitan genotype, phylogenetic analysis suggests at least three different DENV-2 introductions in the South Pacific between 2017 and 2020. Strains retrieved in these Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs) in 2017\u20132020 are phylogenetically related, with strong phylogenetic links between strains retrieved from French PICTs. These phylogenetic data substantiate epidemiological data of the DENV-2 diffusion pattern between these countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12101081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T22:24:42Z","timestamp":1601245482000},"page":"1081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Dengue Type 2 Outbreak in Pacific Islands Countries and Territories, 2017\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1933-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Inizan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Institut Pasteur International Network, URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Noumea 98800, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8108-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Institut Pasteur International Network, URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Noumea 98800, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Worwor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance, Emergency and Research Unit, Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Vanuatu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talica","family":"Cabemaiwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Fiji Centre For Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Grignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie 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France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentine","family":"Ballan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Institut Pasteur International Network, URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Noumea 98800, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Junior","family":"Pakoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance, Emergency and Research Unit, Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Vanuatu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Grangeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Caledonia Health Authorities (Direction des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales-Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, DASS-NC), Noumea 98800, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Guyant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Country Liaison Office, Port Vila, Vanuatu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Lepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Community (SPC), Noumea 98800, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Faktaufon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Fiji Centre For Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aalisha","family":"Sahukhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Laboratory, Fiji Centre For Communicable Disease Control, Suva, Fiji"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Onofre Edwin","family":"Merilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Community (SPC), Noumea 98800, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Claire","family":"Gourinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Microbiology Laboratory, Dumbea-sur-Mer, Dumbea 98835, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Simon-Lori\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6991-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrielle","family":"Dupont-Rouzeyrol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Institut Pasteur 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