{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:18:14Z","timestamp":1760239094280,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Taiwan","award":["NHRI-MR-109-GP-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-MR-109-GP-12"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 107-3111-Y-043-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-3111-Y-043-012"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Health Research Institute, Taiwan","award":["NHRI-109A1-MRCO-03202009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-109A1-MRCO-03202009"]}]},{"name":"National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan","award":["NHRI-MR-109-AP-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NHRI-MR-109-AP-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dengue virus (DENV), the pathogen that causes dengue fever, is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Surveillance of infected mosquitoes is a major component of integrated mosquito control methods for reducing the risk of vector-born disease outbreaks. However, a specialized rapid test for DENV detection in mosquitoes is not currently available. Utilizing immunoblotting, we found that the secretion of NS1 from both a DENV-infected mosquito cell line and mosquito bodies was below the detection threshold. However, when Triton X-100 was used to lyse infected mosquitoes, intracellular NS1 was released, and could then be effectively detected by the NS1 rapid test. The distribution of DENV NS1 in intrathoracically infected mosquitoes was different from that of orally infected mosquitoes. Next, we performed sensitivity tests by bisecting mosquitoes longitudinally; one half of each mosquito was subjected to the NS1 rapid test while the other half was used for qPCR confirmation. This modified test had a sensitivity of nearly 90% from five days post-infection onwards, while DENV had escaped from the midgut barrier. This adapted test offers a valuable, easy-to-use tool for mosquito surveillance, which is a crucial component of DENV disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12101105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T20:56:22Z","timestamp":1601412982000},"page":"1105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Releasing Intracellular NS1 from Mosquito Cells for the Detection of Dengue Virus-Infected Mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1159-1286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4984-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsing-Han","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institution of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0828-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Cheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 110001, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Ying","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung 800852, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2226-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jih-Jin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60572-9","article-title":"Dengue","volume":"385","author":"Guzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009). 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