{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:08:20Z","timestamp":1790759300826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente M1\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente M1\/3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vertical transmission of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from mother to infant is known to occur during labor, delivery or breastfeeding. Infection with mucosal HPV 6 and 11 may cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children, which is a rare and severe respiratory disease. The cutaneous HPV genotypes have also been described to be transmitted from mother to newborn through skin-to-skin contacts and during breastfeeding. To investigate the perinatal transmission of alpha and beta HPVs we collected nasopharyngeal specimens from 0\u201312-months-old infants born by vaginal delivery and breastfed at the time of sample collection. The mucosal and cutaneous HPVs were searched by nested PCR using the MY09\/11-MGPs and CP65\/70-CP66\/69 primer sets, respectively, and genotypes identified by direct sequencing analysis. Fourteen out of 113 (12.4%) samples tested positive for HPV and sequence analysis allowed us to identify eight beta genotypes (HPV 5b, 20, 25, 100, 107, 124, 152 and RTRX7). Moreover, we performed a comprehensive review of published studies on the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous HPVs among 5126 newborns and observed that 10% and 53% were positive for alpha and beta HPVs, respectively. In all studies there was an inverse correlation between the rate of alpha HPV positivity and age, while a significant positive trend was observed in beta HPV detection and age with the highest rate among children older than 12 months (\u03a72 test for trend of 10.6, p &lt; 0.001). Further studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis that beta HPVs are transmitted to breastfeeding infants through shedding of viruses in the breast milk or on the external breast epithelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12101119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T11:28:57Z","timestamp":1601551737000},"page":"1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Detection of Human Papillomaviruses in the Nasopharynx of Breastfed Infants: New Findings and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2350-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Dassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clorinda","family":"Annunziata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Botti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Santobono, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Micillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Santobono, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6410-7515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cerasuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemy","family":"Starita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco M.","family":"Buonaguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3523-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lina","family":"Tornesello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00355","article-title":"Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomavirus Infections and Cancer Biology","volume":"9","author":"Gheit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastrana, D.V., Peretti, A., Welch, N.L., Borgogna, C., Olivero, C., Badolato, R., Notarangelo, L.D., Gariglio, M., FitzGerald, P.C., and McIntosh, C.E. (2018). 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