{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:32:00Z","timestamp":1778941920355,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303902\/2019-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303902\/2019-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple epicenters of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have emerged since the first pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, such as Italy, USA, and Brazil. Brazil is the third-most affected country worldwide, but genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains are mostly restricted to states from the Southeast region. Pernambuco state, located in the Northeast region, is the sixth most affected Brazilian state, but very few genomic sequences from the strains circulating in this region are available. We sequenced 101 strains of SARS-CoV-2 from patients presenting Covid-19 symptoms that reside in Pernambuco. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that all genomes belong to the B lineage and most of the samples (88%) were classified as lineage B.1.1. We detected multiple viral introductions from abroad (likely from Europe) as well as six local B.1.1 clades composed by Pernambuco only strains. Local clades comprise sequences from the capital city (Recife) and other country-side cities, corroborating the community spread between different municipalities of the state. These findings demonstrate that different from Southeastern Brazilian states where the epidemics were majorly driven by one dominant lineage (B.1.1.28 or B.1.1.33), the early epidemic phase at the Pernambuco state was driven by multiple B.1.1 lineages seeded through both national and international traveling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v12121414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T09:17:58Z","timestamp":1607505478000},"page":"1414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Multiple Introductions Followed by Ongoing Community Spread of SARS-CoV-2 at One of the Largest Metropolitan Areas of Northeast Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Henrique Santos","family":"Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Ci\u00eancias da Vida, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro Acad\u00eamico do Agreste-Rodovia BR-104, km 59-Nova Caruaru, Caruaru 55002-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (IAM)-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duschinka Ribeiro Duarte","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (IAM)-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1ssia","family":"Docena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Plataformas Tecnol\u00f3gicas (NPT), Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (IAM)-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus Filgueira","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (IAM)-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3259-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Zimmer","family":"Dezordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (IAM)-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil"},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Bioinform\u00e1tica (NBI), Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (IAM)-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 50670-420, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Ceschini","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es (IAM)-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Recife 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