{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:42:13Z","timestamp":1790635333273,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are &gt;200 different types of human papilloma virus (HPV) of which &gt;51 infect genital epithelium, with ~14 of these classed as high-risk being more commonly associated with cervical cancer. During development of the disease, high-risk types have an increased tendency to develop a truncated non-replicative life cycle, whereas low-risk, non-cancer-associated HPV types are either asymptomatic or cause benign lesions completing their full replicative life cycle. HPVs can also be present as non-replicative so-called \u201clatent\u201d infections and they can also show superinfection exclusion, where cells with pre-existing infections with one type cannot be infected with a different HPV type. Thus, the HPV repertoire and replication status present in an individual can form a complex dynamic meta-community which changes with respect to both time and exposure to different HPV types. In light of these considerations, it is not clear how current prophylactic HPV vaccines will affect this system and the potential for iatrogenic outcomes is discussed in light of recent outcome data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T22:56:45Z","timestamp":1608850605000},"page":"22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Potential Effects of Human Papillomavirus Type Substitution, Superinfection Exclusion and Latency on the Efficacy of the Current L1 Prophylactic Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ian N.","family":"Hampson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester Viral Oncology Labs, Research Floor, St Marys Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester Viral Oncology Labs, Research Floor, St Marys Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Hampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester Viral Oncology Labs, Research Floor, St Marys Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12151","article-title":"Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine and Primary Ovarian Failure: Another Facet of the Autoimmune\/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants","volume":"70","author":"Colafrancesco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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