{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:25:04Z","timestamp":1792722304997,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Limited recent molecular epidemiology data are available for pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) infections in Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) involved in CNS infections in children. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children (0\u201316 years) with suspected meningitis\u2013encephalitis (ME) who were hospitalized in the largest pediatric hospital of Greece from October 2017 to September 2020 was initially tested for 14 common pathogens using the multiplex PCR FilmArray\u00ae ME Panel (FA-ME). CSF samples positive for EV, as well as pharyngeal swabs and stools of the same children, were further genotyped employing Sanger sequencing. Of the 330 children tested with FA-ME, 75 (22.7%) were positive for EV and 50 different CSF samples were available for genotyping. The median age of children with EV CNS infection was 2 months (IQR: 1\u201360) and 44\/75 (58.7%) of them were male. There was a seasonal distribution of EV CNS infections, with most cases detected between June and September (38\/75, 50.7%). EV genotyping was successfully processed in 84\/104 samples: CSF (n = 45\/50), pharyngeal swabs (n = 15\/29) and stools (n = 24\/25). Predominant EV genotypes were CV-B5 (16\/45, 35.6%), E30 (10\/45, 22.2%), E16 (6\/45, 13.3%) and E11 (5\/45, 11.1%). However, significant phylogenetic differences from previous described isolates were detected. No unusual neurologic manifestations were observed, and all children recovered without obvious acute sequelae. Specific EV circulating genotypes are causing a significant number of pediatric CNS infections. Phylogenetic analysis of these predominant genotypes found genetic differences from already described EV isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T21:50:54Z","timestamp":1610574654000},"page":"100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus in Children with Central Nervous System Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lamprini","family":"Posnakoglou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7325-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth-Barbara","family":"Tatsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Chatzichristou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8991-0649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Siahanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kanaka-Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Syriopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1745-1118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Michos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000303","article-title":"Enteroviruses in the early 21st century: New manifestations and challenges","volume":"28","author":"Lugo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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