{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T21:19:55Z","timestamp":1773436795361,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB796\/C3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB796\/C3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MA1289\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MA1289\/11-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MI2143\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MI2143\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DAAD-Go8 Marschall\/Rawlinson 2017-18, 2020-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAAD-Go8 Marschall\/Rawlinson 2017-18, 2020-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nuclear egress is a common herpesviral process regulating nucleocytoplasmic capsid release. For human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the nuclear egress complex (NEC) is determined by the pUL50-pUL53 core that regulates multicomponent assembly with NEC-associated proteins and capsids. Recently, NEC crystal structures were resolved for \u03b1-, \u03b2- and \u03b3-herpesviruses, revealing profound structural conservation, which was not mirrored, however, by primary sequence and binding properties. The NEC binding principle is based on hook-into-groove interaction through an N-terminal hook-like pUL53 protrusion that embraces an \u03b1-helical pUL50 binding groove. So far, pUL50 has been considered as the major kinase-interacting determinant and massive phosphorylation of pUL50-pUL53 was assigned to NEC formation and functionality. Here, we addressed the question of phenotypical changes of ORF-UL50-mutated HCMVs. Surprisingly, our analyses did not detect a predominant replication defect for most of these viral mutants, concerning parameters of replication kinetics (qPCR), viral protein production (Western blot\/CoIP) and capsid egress (confocal imaging\/EM). Specifically, only the ORF-UL50 deletion rescue virus showed a block of genome synthesis during late stages of infection, whereas all phosphosite mutants exhibited marginal differences compared to wild-type or revertants. These results (i) emphasize a rate-limiting function of pUL50 for nuclear egress, and (ii) demonstrate that mutations in all mapped pUL50 phosphosites may be largely compensated. A refined mechanistic concept points to a multifaceted nuclear egress regulation, for which the dependence on the expression and phosphorylation of pUL50 is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T12:28:31Z","timestamp":1611577711000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Phenotypical Characterization of the Nuclear Egress of Recombinant Cytomegaloviruses Reveals Defective Replication upon ORF-UL50 Deletion but Not pUL50 Phosphosite Mutation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sigrun","family":"H\u00e4ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Sonntag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Svrlanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva Maria","family":"Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Charlotte","family":"Stilp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Horsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kropff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Milbradt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Stamminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Schl\u00f6tzer-Schrehardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Erlangen (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Marschall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marschall, M., Muller, Y.A., Diewald, B., Sticht, H., and Milbradt, J. 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