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Despite our knowledge of many important aspects of influenza virus biology, there is still much to learn about how influenza viruses replicate in infected cells, for instance, how they use entry receptors or exploit host cell trafficking pathways. These gaps in our knowledge are due, in part, to the difficulty of directly observing viruses in living cells. In recent years, advances in light microscopy, including super-resolution microscopy and single-molecule imaging, have enabled many viral replication steps to be visualised dynamically in living cells. In particular, the ability to track single virions and their components, in real time, now allows specific pathways to be interrogated, providing new insights to various aspects of the virus-host cell interaction. In this review, we discuss how state-of-the-art imaging technologies, notably quantitative live-cell and super-resolution microscopy, are providing new nanoscale and molecular insights into influenza virus replication and revealing new opportunities for developing antiviral strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1612270872000},"page":"233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Application of Super-Resolution and Advanced Quantitative Microscopy to the Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Influenza Virus Replication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7164-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Touizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6AE, UK"},{"name":"MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2836-2623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Sieben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-5234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK"},{"name":"Instituto Gulbenkian de Ci\u00eancia, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0213-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2151-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain F.","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, June 22). 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