{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:36:43Z","timestamp":1790631403978,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, there is no severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-(SARS-CoV-2)-specific prognostic biomarker available. We assessed whether SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) value at diagnosis could predict novel CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, clinical manifestations, and six-month sequelae. Hospitalized and outpatient cases were randomly sampled from the diagnoses of March 2020 and data collected at 6 months by interview and from the regional database for COVID-19 emergency. Patients were stratified according to their RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase Ct in the nasopharyngeal swab at diagnosis as follows: Group A \u2264 20.0, 20.0 &lt; group B \u2264 28.0, and Group C &gt; 28.0. Disease severity was classified according to a composite scale evaluating hospital admission, worst oxygen support required, and survival. Two hundred patients were included, 27.5% in Groups A and B both, 45.0% in Group C; 90% of patients were symptomatic and 63.7% were hospitalized. The median time from COVID-19 onset to swab collection was five days. Lethality, disease severity, type, and number of signs and symptoms, as well as six-month sequelae distributed inversely among the groups with respect to SARS-CoV-2 Ct. After controlling for confounding, SARS-CoV-2 Ct at diagnosis was still associated with COVID-19-related death (p = 0.023), disease severity (p = 0.023), number of signs and symptoms (p &lt; 0.01), and presence of six-month sequelae (p &lt; 0.01). Early quantification of SARS-CoV-2 may be a useful predictive marker to inform differential strategies of clinical management and resource allocation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:46:31Z","timestamp":1613155591000},"page":"281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Disease Severity, Survival, and Six-Month Sequelae in COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8663-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Trunfio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Venuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Alladio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Maria","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Burdino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0480-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cerutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Ghisetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bertucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Picco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Department for Infectious Diseases and Emergency DIRMEI, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Via S. Secondo 29, 10128 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bonora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Di Perri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Department for Infectious Diseases and Emergency DIRMEI, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Via S. Secondo 29, 10128 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-8815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Calcagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino at the Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ssentongo, P., Ssentongo, A.E., Heilbrunn, E.S., Ba, D.M., and Chinchilli, V.M. (2020). Association of Cardiovascular Disease and 10 Other Pre-Existing Comorbidities with COVID-19 Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238215"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, G., Tu, C., Zhou, F., Liu, Z., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., Wang, Y., Wei, Y., and Li, H. (2020). Comparison of Severity Scores for COVID-19 Patients with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study. Eur. Respir. J., 56.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02113-2020"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100449","article-title":"RISC-19-ICU Investigators Prognostic Factors Associated with Mortality Risk and Disease Progression in 639 Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Europe: Initial Report of the International RISC-19-ICU Prospective Observational Cohort","volume":"25","author":"Fumeaux","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2020.03.012","article-title":"COVID-19 Illness in Native and Immunosuppressed States: A Clinical\u2013Therapeutic Staging Proposal","volume":"39","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transpl."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao, S.N., Manissero, D., Steele, V.R., and Pareja, J. (2020). A Narrative Systematic Review of the Clinical Utility of Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of COVID-19. Infect. Dis. Ther., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-41867\/v1"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magleby, R., Westblade, L.F., Trzebucki, A., Simon, M.S., Rajan, M., Park, J., Goyal, P., Safford, M.M., and Satlin, M.J. (2020). Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa851"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Salvatore, P.P., Dawson, P., Wadhwa, A., Rabold, E.M., Buono, S., Dietrich, E.A., Reses, H.E., Vuong, J., Pawloski, L., and Dasu, T. (2020). Epidemiological Correlates of PCR Cycle Threshold Values in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2. Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westblade, L.F., Brar, G., Pinheiro, L.C., Paidoussis, D., Rajan, M., Martin, P., Goyal, P., Sepulveda, J.L., Zhang, L., and George, G. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Predicts Mortality in Patients with and without Cancer Who Are Hospitalized with COVID-19. Cancer Cell.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3684128"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30354-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Predicts COVID-19 Mortality","volume":"8","author":"Pujadas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fa\u00edco-Filho, K.S., Passarelli, V.C., and Bellei, N. (2020). Is Higher Viral Load in SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Death?. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.04.20164061"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03244-3","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal Viral Load Predicts Hypoxemia and Disease Outcome in Admitted COVID-19 Patients","volume":"24","author":"Shlomai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lesho, E., Reno, L., Newhart, D., Clifford, R., Vasylyeva, O., Hanna, J., Yu, S., Bress, J., and Walsh, E. (2020). Temporal, Spatial, and Epidemiologic Relationships of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Gene Cycle Thresholds: A Pragmatic Ambi-Directional Observation. Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1248"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.07.001","article-title":"Association of Initial Viral Load in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients with Outcome and Symptoms","volume":"190","author":"Argyropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ra, S.H., Lim, J.S., Kim, G., Kim, M.J., Jung, J., and Kim, S.-H. (2020). Upper Respiratory Viral Load in Asymptomatic Individuals and Mildly Symptomatic Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Thorax.","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215042"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.09.010","article-title":"Could Threshold Cycle Value Correctly Reflect the Severity of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?","volume":"27","author":"Asai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De la Calle, C., Lalueza, A., Manche\u00f1o-Losa, M., Maestro-de la Calle, G., Lora-Tamayo, J., Arrieta, E., Garc\u00eda-Reyne, A., Losada, I., de Miguel, B., and D\u00edaz-Sim\u00f3n, R. (2021). Impact of Viral Load at Admission on the Development of Respiratory Failure in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04150-w"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz141","article-title":"A Dose-Finding Study of a Wild-Type Influenza A(H3N2) Virus in a Healthy Volunteer Human Challenge Model","volume":"69","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040398","article-title":"Initial Viral Load and the Outcomes of SARS","volume":"171","author":"Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2020.04.011","article-title":"Association of Viral Load with Serum Biomakers among COVID-19 Cases","volume":"546","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Zhao, B., Qu, Y., Chen, Y., Xiong, J., Feng, Y., Men, D., Huang, Q., Liu, Y., and Yang, B. (2020). Detectable Serum SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load (RNAaemia) Is Closely Correlated with Drastically Elevated Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Level in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients. Clin. Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.29.20029520"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8","article-title":"6-Month Consequences of COVID-19 in Patients Discharged from Hospital: A Cohort Study","volume":"397","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104654","article-title":"Urgent Need of Rapid Tests for SARS CoV-2 Antigen Detection: Evaluation of the SD-Biosensor Antigen Test for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"132","author":"Cerutti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corman, V.M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D.K.W., Bleicker, T., Br\u00fcnink, S., Schneider, J., and Schmidt, M.L. (2020). Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-NCoV) by Real-Time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill., 25.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Binnicker, M.J. (2020). Can the SARS-CoV-2 PCR Cycle Threshold Value and Time from Symptom Onset to Testing Predict Infectivity?. Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singanayagam, A., Patel, M., Charlett, A., Lopez Bernal, J., Saliba, V., Ellis, J., Ladhani, S., Zambon, M., and Gopal, R. (2020). Duration of Infectiousness and Correlation with RT-PCR Cycle Threshold Values in Cases of COVID-19, England, January to May 2020. Euro Surv., 25.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.32.2001483"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arons, M.M., Hatfield, K.M., Reddy, S.C., Kimball, A., James, A., Jacobs, J.R., Taylor, J., Spicer, K., Bardossy, A.C., and Oakley, L.P. (2020). Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility. N. Engl. J. Med.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008457"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0869-5","article-title":"Temporal Dynamics in Viral Shedding and Transmissibility of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6913e1","article-title":"Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility\u2014King County, Washington, March 2020","volume":"69","author":"Kimball","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30196-1","article-title":"Temporal Profiles of Viral Load in Posterior Oropharyngeal Saliva Samples and Serum Antibody Responses during Infection by SARS-CoV-2: An Observational Cohort Study","volume":"20","author":"To","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients","volume":"382","author":"Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacot, D., Greub, G., Jaton, K., and Opota, O. (2020). Viral Load of SARS-CoV-2 across Patients and Compared to Other Respiratory Viruses. Microbes Infect.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.15.20154518"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1449","article-title":"Relationship of the Cycle Threshold Values of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction and Total Severity Score of Computerized Tomography in Patients with COVID 19","volume":"101","author":"Sarinoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zacharioudakis, I.M., Zervou, F.N., Prasad, P.J., Shao, Y., Basu, A., Inglima, K., Weisenberg, S.A., and Aguero-Rosenfeld, M.E. (2020). Association of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Load Trends with Clinical Status in COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis from an Academic Hospital Center in New York City. PLoS One, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242399"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zacharioudakis, I.M., Prasad, P.J., Zervou, F.N., Basu, A., Inglima, K., Weisenberg, S.A., and Aguero-Rosenfeld, M.E. (2020). Association of SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Load with COVID-19 Patient Outcomes. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.02.20145151"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.034","article-title":"Acute Onset Olfactory\/Taste Disorders Are Associated with a High Viral Burden in Mild or Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections","volume":"99","author":"Nakagawara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, R.H., To, Z.W., Yeung, Z.W., Tso, E.Y., Fung, K.S., Chau, S.K., Leung, E.Y., Hui, T.S., Tsang, S.W., and Kung, K.N. (2020). COVID-19 Viral Load in the Severity of and Recovery from Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction. Laryngoscope.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29056"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.039","article-title":"Prevalence and Recovery Time of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","volume":"100","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Louie, J.K., Stoltey, J.E., Scott, H.M., Trammell, S., Ememu, E., Samuel, M.C., Aragon, T.J., and Masinde, G. Comparison of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infections Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in San Francisco Long-Term Care Facilities. Infect. Control. Hosp. Epidemiol., 1\u20133."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0965-6","article-title":"Clinical and Immunological Assessment of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections","volume":"26","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saponaro, F., Rutigliano, G., Sestito, S., Bandini, L., Storti, B., Bizzarri, R., and Zucchi, R. (2020). ACE2 in the Era of SARS-CoV-2: Controversies and Novel Perspectives. Front. Mol. Biosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.588618"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Wang, H., and Liu, Z. (2020). Expression of ACE2 in Airways: Implication for COVID-19 Risk and Disease Management in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Respiratory Diseases. Clin. Exp. Allergy.","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13746"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, M.S., Byun, J.-H., Cho, Y., and Rim, J.H. (2021). RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2: Quantitative versus Qualitative. Lancet Infect. Dis., 21.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30424-2"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30262-0","article-title":"Baricitinib for COVID-19: A Suitable Treatment?","volume":"20","author":"Favalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Trunfio, M., Salvador, E., Gaviraghi, A., Audagnotto, S., Marinaro, L., Motta, I., Casciaro, R., Ghisetti, V., Fava, C., and Bonora, S. (2021). Early Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Administration Is Associated with Shorter Time to SARS-CoV-2 Swab Negativity. Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cubeddu, L.X., and Cubeddu, R.J. (2021). Early Remdesivir Treatment in Covid-19: Why Wait Another Day?. J. Med. Virol.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26792"}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/2\/281\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:23:04Z","timestamp":1760160184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/2\/281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["v13020281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13020281","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]}}}