{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:11:41Z","timestamp":1765807901671,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A reverse genetic system for avian paramyxovirus type-3 (APMV-3) strain Wisconsin was created and the infectious virus was recovered from a plasmid-based viral antigenomic cDNA. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was cloned into the recombinant APMV-3 genome as a foreign gene. Stable expression of GFP by the recovered virus was confirmed for at least 10 consecutive passages. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin was evaluated against APMV-3 strain Netherlands and APMV-1 strain LaSota as a vaccine vector. The three viral vectors expressing GFP as a foreign protein were compared for level of GFP expression level, growth rate in chicken embryo fibroblast (DF-1) cells, and tissue distribution and immunogenicity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) day-old chickens. APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed highest growth rate and GFP expression level among the three APMV vectors in vitro. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin and APMV-1 strain LaSota vectors were mainly confined to the trachea after vaccination of day-old SPF chickens without any observable pathogenicity, whereas APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed wide tissue distribution in different body organs (brain, lungs, trachea, and spleen) with mild observable pathogenicity. In terms of immunogenicity, both APMV-3 strain-vaccinated groups showed HI titers two to three fold higher than that induced by APMV-1 strain LaSota vaccinated group. This study offers a novel paramyxovirus vector (APMV-3 strain Wisconsin) which can be used safely for vaccination of young chickens as an alternative for APMV-1 strain LaSota vector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1613725570000},"page":"316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Recovery of Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Type-3 Strain Wisconsin by Reverse Genetics and Its Evaluation as a Vaccine Vector for Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Elbehairy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"},{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil K.","family":"Khattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siba K.","family":"Samal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Samal, S.K. 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