{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T15:56:27Z","timestamp":1773330987915,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Influenza A virus (IAV) is the most common infectious agent in humans, and infects approximately 10\u201320% of the world\u2019s population, resulting in 3\u20135 million hospitalizations per year. A scientific literature search was performed using the PubMed database and the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) \u201cInfluenza A H1N1\u201d and \u201cGenetic susceptibility\u201d. Due to the amount of information and evidence about genetic susceptibility generated from the studies carried out in the last influenza A H1N1 pandemic, studies published between January 2009 to May 2020 were considered; 119 papers were found. Several pathways are involved in the host defense against IAV infection (innate immune response, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, complement activation, and HLA molecules participating in viral antigen presentation). On the other hand, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a type of variation involving the change of a single base pair that can mean that encoded proteins do not carry out their functions properly, allowing higher viral replication and abnormal host response to infection, such as a cytokine storm. Some of the most studied SNPs associated with IAV infection genetic susceptibility are located in the FCGR2A, C1QBP, CD55, and RPAIN genes, affecting host immune responses through abnormal complement activation. Also, SNPs in IFITM3 (which participates in endosomes and lysosomes fusion) represent some of the most critical polymorphisms associated with IAV infection, suggesting an ineffective virus clearance. Regarding inflammatory response genes, single nucleotide variants in IL1B, TNF, LTA IL17A, IL8, IL6, IRAK2, PIK3CG, and HLA complex are associated with altered phenotype in pro-inflammatory molecules, participating in IAV infection and the severest form of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T20:42:51Z","timestamp":1614026571000},"page":"344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Role of the Host Genetic Susceptibility to 2009 Pandemic Influenza A H1N1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6876-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"P\u00e9rez-Rubio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4992-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Ponce-Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Andr\u00e9","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Mazzocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Ponce-Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Speciality Cardiology Unit \u201cKoraz\u00f3n\u201d, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rom\u00e1n Alejandro","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6877-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramc\u00e9s","family":"Falf\u00e1n-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112704","article-title":"Influenza A and B virus infection in infants and young children during the years 1957\u20131976","volume":"109","author":"Kim","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. 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