{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:19:00Z","timestamp":1774264740168,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2) has accumulated multiple mutations during its global circulation. Recently, three SARS-CoV-2 lineages, B.1.1.7 (501Y.V1), B.1.351 (501Y.V2) and B.1.1.28.1 (P.1), have emerged in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Brazil, respectively. Here, we have presented global viewpoint on implications of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants based on structural\u2013function impact of crucial mutations occurring in its spike (S), ORF8 and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. While the N501Y mutation was observed in all three lineages, the 501Y.V1 and P.1 accumulated a different set of mutations in the S protein. The missense mutational effects were predicted through a COVID-19 dedicated resource followed by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Current findings indicate that some mutations in the S protein might lead to higher affinity with host receptors and resistance against antibodies, but not all are due to different antibody binding (epitope) regions. Mutations may, however, result in diagnostic tests failures and possible interference with binding of newly identified anti-viral candidates against SARS-CoV-2, likely necessitating roll out of recurring \u201cflu-like shots\u201d annually for tackling COVID-19. The functional relevance of these mutations has been described in terms of modulation of host tropism, antibody resistance, diagnostic sensitivity and therapeutic candidates. Besides global economic losses, post-vaccine reinfections with emerging variants can have significant clinical, therapeutic and public health impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T12:08:01Z","timestamp":1615291681000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Structure-Function Analyses of New SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and B.1.1.28.1: Clinical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Public Health Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jasdeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Samal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vipul","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5666-8996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyoti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasreen Z.","family":"Ehtesham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Durai","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Asad","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioInception Pvt. Ltd., Swift House Ground Floor, 18 Hoffmanns Way, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1GU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhash","family":"Hira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington-Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed E.","family":"Hasnain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India"},{"name":"Dr Reddy\u2019s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500049, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104384","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A genetic, epidemiological, and evolutionary perspective","volume":"84","author":"Sironi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104330","article-title":"Emerging genetic diversity among clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2: Lessons for today","volume":"84","author":"Sheikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. 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