{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:37:19Z","timestamp":1790253439519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-15-CE15-00029 and ANR-16-IDEX-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-15-CE15-00029 and ANR-16-IDEX-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mayaro virus (MAYV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are known for their arthrotropism, but accumulating evidence shows that CHIKV infections are occasionally associated with serious neurological complications. However, little is known about the capacity of MAYV to invade the central nervous system (CNS). We show that human neural progenitors (hNPCs), pericytes and astrocytes are susceptible to MAYV infection, resulting in the production of infectious viral particles. In primary astrocytes, MAYV, and to a lesser extent CHIKV, elicited a strong antiviral response, as demonstrated by an increased expression of several interferon-stimulated genes, including ISG15, MX1 and OAS2. Infection with either virus led to an enhanced expression of inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL5, CXCL10 and CXCL11, whereas MAYV induced higher levels of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-15 in these cells. Moreover, MAYV was more susceptible than CHIKV to the antiviral effects of both type I and type II interferons. Taken together, this study shows that although MAYV and CHIKV are phylogenetically related, they induce different types of antiviral responses in astrocytes. This work is the first to evaluate the potential neurotropism of MAYV and shows that brain cells and particularly astrocytes and hNPCs are permissive to MAYV, which, consequently, could lead to MAYV-induced neuropathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1615493860000},"page":"465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mayaro Virus Infects Human Brain Cells and Induces a Potent Antiviral Response in Human Astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mich\u00e8le","family":"Bengue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Barthelemy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3499-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheikh Tidiane","family":"Diagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8603-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Hamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1048-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Li\u00e9geois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Nougair\u00e8de","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Des Virus Emergents (UVE, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"de Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Des Virus Emergents (UVE, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3475-1369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Simonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1110-9039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Pompon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-3841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doroth\u00e9e","family":"Miss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050715-105122","article-title":"Zika, Chikungunya, and Other Emerging Vector-Borne Viral Diseases","volume":"69","author":"Weaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. 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