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This review provides an overview of the different in vivo models that are currently available to study HDV either in the absence or presence of HBV. By presenting new advances and remaining drawbacks, we will discuss human host factors which, in addition to NTCP, need to be investigated or identified to enable a persistent HDV infection in murine hepatocytes. Detailed knowledge on species-specific factors involved in HDV persistence also shall contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T05:57:18Z","timestamp":1617170238000},"page":"588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In Vivo Models of HDV Infection: Is Humanizing NTCP Enough?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katja","family":"Giersch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Dandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems Site, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.12.997","article-title":"Immunofluorescence Detection of New Antigen-Antibody System (Delta\/Anti-Delta) Associated to Hepatitis B Virus in Liver and in Serum of HBsAg Carriers","volume":"18","author":"Rizzetto","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14357","article-title":"New Epidemiology of Hepatitis Delta","volume":"40","author":"Vlachogiannakos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316601","article-title":"Prevalence and Burden of Hepatitis D Virus Infection in the Global Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzetto, M., Hamid, S., and Negro, F. 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