{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:26:53Z","timestamp":1791581213433,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disabilities worldwide with huge social and economic burdens. The leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children is congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Though the implementation of universal screening and early intervention such as antiviral or anti-inflammatory ameliorate the severity of CMV-associated diseases, direct and targeted therapeutics is still seriously lacking. The major hurdle for it is that the mechanism of CMV induced SNHL has not yet been well understood. In this review, we focus on the impact of CMV infection on the key players in inner ear development including the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. Investigations on these interactions may gain new insights into viral pathogenesis and reveal novel targets for therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1617689143000},"page":"623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hearing Loss Caused by HCMV Infection through Regulating the Wnt and Notch Signaling Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Nan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue-Peng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou 510000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9352-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Hua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan 430071, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.02.002","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"42","author":"Fowler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.655","article-title":"Review of cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and demographic characteristics associated with infection","volume":"20","author":"Cannon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.535","article-title":"Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection","volume":"17","author":"Kenneson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.15.224","article-title":"The epidemiology and prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and disease: activities of the centers for disease control and prevention workgroup","volume":"15","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12308","article-title":"Form and function of the mammalian inner ear","volume":"228","author":"Ekdale","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16094","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.94","article-title":"Congenital hearing loss","volume":"3","author":"Korver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2008.08.002","article-title":"Forty-six genes causing nonsyndromic hearing impairment: Which ones should be analyzed in DNA diagnostics?","volume":"681","author":"Hilgert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-019-0767-y","article-title":"Isolated auditory neuropathy at birth in congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"46","author":"Natale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501801","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/501801","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus in the Neonate: Immune Correlates of Infection and Protection","volume":"2013","author":"Schleiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabrielli, L., Bonasoni, M.P., Santini, D., Piccirilli, G., Chiereghin, A., Guerra, B., Landini, M.P., Capretti, M.G., Lanari, M., and Lazzarotto, T. (2013). Human fetal inner ear involvement in congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Acta Neuropathol. Commun., 1.","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-63"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0895-y","article-title":"Inner ear lesions in congenital cytomegalovirus infection of human fetuses","volume":"122","author":"Teissier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-016-0606-4","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection Causes Degeneration of Cochlear Vasculature and Hearing Loss in a Mouse Model","volume":"18","author":"Carraro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradford, R.D., Yoo, Y.-G., Golemac, M., Pugel, E.P., Jonjic, S., and Britt, W.J. (2015). Murine CMV-Induced Hearing Loss Is Associated with Inner Ear Inflammation and Loss of Spiral Ganglia Neurons. PLoS Pathog., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004774"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02711.x","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection\u2014A common cause of hearing loss of unknown aetiology","volume":"101","author":"Karltorp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"201","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-induced sensorineural hearing loss with persistent cochlear inflammation in neonatal mice","volume":"17","author":"Schachtele","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuro Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sung, C.Y.W., Seleme, M.C., Payne, S., Jonjic, S., Hirose, K., and Britt, W. (2019). Virus-induced cochlear inflammation in newborn mice alters auditory function. JCI Insight, 4.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.128878"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"3448","article-title":"MCMV triggers ROS\/NLRP3-associated inflammasome activation in the inner ear of mice and cultured spiral ganglion neurons, contributing to sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"41","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03285-0","article-title":"Regulation of gap junction intercellular communication by connexin ubiquitination: Physiological and pathophysiological implications","volume":"77","author":"Totland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7860","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02247-06","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus Destruction of Focal Adhesions Revealed in a High-Throughput Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Protein Expression","volume":"81","author":"Stanton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00202","article-title":"Cellular and Deafness Mechanisms Underlying Connexin Mutation-Induced Hearing Loss\u2014A Common Hereditary Deafness","volume":"9","author":"Wingard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.25.2945","article-title":"Mutations in GJA1 (connexin 43) are associated with non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000099024","article-title":"Identification of Mutations in Members of the Connexin Gene Family as a Cause of Nonsyndromic Deafness in Taiwan","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Audiol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jcs214635","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.214635","article-title":"Mice harbouring an oculodentodigital dysplasia-linked Cx43 G60S mutation have severe hearing loss","volume":"131","author":"Abitbol","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-010-0791-x","article-title":"Novel mutations in the connexin43 (GJA1) and GJA1 pseudogene may contribute to nonsyndromic hearing loss","volume":"127","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Genet."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24249","article-title":"Connexin 43 and hearing: Possible implications for retrocochlear auditory processing","volume":"123","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1594-3","article-title":"Prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in auditory cells","volume":"71","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt292","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus immediate early proteins promote degradation of connexin 43 and disrupt gap junction communication: Implications for a role in gliomagenesis","volume":"35","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2015.2464","article-title":"Preferentially Regulated Expression of Connexin 43 in the Developing Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Afferent Terminals in Post-Natal Rat Cochlea","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.6.664","article-title":"Major and Minor Temporal Bone Abnormalities in Children with and Without Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss","volume":"128","author":"McClay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.10.018","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling in Development and Disease","volume":"127","author":"Clevers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(08)00808-9","article-title":"Chapter Eight Primary Cilia in Planar Cell Polarity Regulation of the Inner Ear","volume":"85","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2013.03.008","article-title":"Wnt signaling during cochlear development","volume":"24","author":"Munnamalai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.05.058","article-title":"Cytotoxic activity of broussochalcone a against colon and liver cancer cells by promoting destruction complex-independent beta-catenin degradation","volume":"131","author":"Shin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137065","article-title":"Wnt Induces LRP6 Signalosomes and Promotes Dishevelled-Dependent LRP6 Phosphorylation","volume":"316","author":"Bilic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17901","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111635200","article-title":"Wnt signaling controls the phosphorylation status of beta-catenin","volume":"277","author":"Meeldijk","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1910223116","article-title":"\u03b2-Catenin is required for radial cell patterning and identity in the developing mouse cochlea","volume":"116","author":"Jansson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.06.003","article-title":"GSK3 regulates hair cell fate in the developing mammalian cochlea","volume":"453","author":"Ellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.001842","article-title":"Notch signalling is needed to maintain, but not to initiate, the formation of prosensory patches in the chick inner ear","volume":"134","author":"Daudet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02002","article-title":"The Notch ligands DLL1 and JAG2 act synergistically to regulate hair cell development in the mammalian inner ear","volume":"132","author":"Kiernan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiernan, A.E., Xu, J., and Gridley, T. (2006). The Notch ligand JAG1 is required for sensory progenitor development in the mammalian inner ear. PLoS Genet., 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020004"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.01.038","article-title":"Cooperative functions of Hes\/Hey genes in auditory hair cell and supporting cell development","volume":"352","author":"Tateya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.4135","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus infection enhances cell proliferation, migration and upregulation of EMT markers in colorectal cancer-derived stem cell-like cells","volume":"51","author":"Teo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2487","article-title":"The Human Cytomegalovirus\u2013Encoded Chemokine Receptor US28 Promotes Angiogenesis and Tumor Formation via Cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"69","author":"Maussang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42563","article-title":"The cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 promotes intestinal neoplasia in transgenic mice","volume":"120","author":"Bongers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langemeijer, E.V., Slinger, E., de Munnik, S., Schreiber, A., Maussang, D., Vischer, H., Verkaar, F., Leurs, R., Siderius, M., and Smit, M.J. (2012). Constitutive beta-catenin signaling by the viral chemokine receptor US28. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048935"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelova, M., Zwezdaryk, K., Ferris, M., Shan, B., Morris, C.A., and Sullivan, D.E. (2012). Human cytomegalovirus infection dysregulates the canonical Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002959"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, S., Liu, F., and Arav-Boger, R. (2015). Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits the PARsylation Activity of Tankyrase\u2014A Potential Strategy for Suppression of the Wnt Pathway. Viruses, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/v8010008"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X.-J., Yang, B., Huang, S.-N., Wu, C.-C., Li, X.-J., Cheng, S., Jiang, X., Hu, F., Ming, Y.-Z., and Nevels, M. (2017). Human cytomegalovirus IE1 downregulates Hes1 in neural progenitor cells as a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006542"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00340-18","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00340-18","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate Early 1 Protein Causes Loss of SOX2 from Neural Progenitor Cells by Trapping Unphosphorylated STAT3 in the Nucleus","volume":"92","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6792","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00351-15","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Dysregulates the Localization and Stability of NICD1 and Jag1 in Neural Progenitor Cells","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R248","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00268.2018","article-title":"Wnt signaling regulates cytosolic translocation of connexin 43","volume":"317","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physio.l Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16146","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3150-12.2013","article-title":"Ectopic Expression of Activated Notch or SOX2 Reveals Similar and Unique Roles in the Development of the Sensory Cell Progenitors in the Mammalian Inner Ear","volume":"33","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1138","article-title":"Hes binding to STAT3 mediates crosstalk between Notch and JAK\u2013STAT signalling","volume":"6","author":"Kamakura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2007.0098","article-title":"Regulation of Sox2 by STAT3 Initiates Commitment to the Neural Precursor Cell Fate","volume":"17","author":"Foshay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.017905","article-title":"Notch signaling augments the canonical Wnt pathway to specify the size of the otic placode","volume":"135","author":"Jayasena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02271","article-title":"Wnt signals mediate a fate decision between otic placode and epidermis","volume":"133","author":"Ohyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.03.027","article-title":"Lineage tracing of Sox2-expressing progenitor cells in the mouse inner ear reveals a broad contribution to non-sensory tissues and insights into the origin of the organ of Corti","volume":"414","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev170522","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.170522","article-title":"SOX2 is required for inner ear growth and cochlear nonsensory formation before sensory development","volume":"146","author":"Steevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Sox2 is required for sensory organ development in the mammalian inner ear","volume":"434","author":"Kiernan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15798","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003089107","article-title":"Notch signaling is required for the generation of hair cells and supporting cells in the mammalian inner ear","volume":"107","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129320","article-title":"Selection of cell fate in the organ of Corti involves the integration of Hes\/Hey signaling at theAtoh1promoter","volume":"143","author":"Abdolazimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/75753","article-title":"Overexpression of Math1 induces robust production of extra hair cells in postnatal rat inner ears","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.21.4551","article-title":"Francois Guillemot3, Ryoichiro Kageyama4 and Wei-Qiang Gao1, Hes1is a negative regulator of inner ear hair cell differentiation","volume":"127","author":"Zheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"984","article-title":"Mammalian cochlear supporting cells can divide and trans-differentiate into hair cells","volume":"441","author":"White","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.031","article-title":"Notch in the Vertebrate Nervous System: An Old Dog with New Tricks","volume":"69","author":"Pierfelice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02161-09","article-title":"Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Causes Premature and Abnormal Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells","volume":"84","author":"Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalejta, R.F., and Albright, E.R. (2020). Expanding the Known Functional Repertoire of the Human Cytomegalovirus pp71 Protein. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00095"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24708","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus infection promotes the stemness of U251 glioma cells","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-017-3956-0","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus infection dysregulates neural progenitor cell fate by disrupting Hes1 rhythm and down-regulating its expression","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulus, C., Harwardt, T., Walter, B., Marxreiter, A., Zenger, M., Reuschel, E., and Nevels, M.M. (2020). Revisiting promyelocytic leukemia protein targeting by human cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein 1. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008537"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30143-3","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and the neonate: Consensus recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"17","author":"Rawlinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404599","article-title":"Valganciclovir for Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease","volume":"372","author":"Kimberlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.028","article-title":"Valganciclovir Is Beneficial in Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Isolated Hearing Loss","volume":"199","author":"Pasternak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28536","article-title":"Genetic Testing for Congenital Bilateral Hearing Loss in the Context of Targeted Cytomegalovirus Screening","volume":"130","author":"Peterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.01.066","article-title":"Clonal Expansion of Lgr5-Positive Cells from Mammalian Cochlea and High-Purity Generation of Sensory Hair Cells","volume":"18","author":"McLean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00029-13","article-title":"Wnt Modulating Agents Inhibit Human Cytomegalovirus Replication","volume":"57","author":"Kapoor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.032","article-title":"Notch Inhibition Induces Cochlear Hair Cell Regeneration and Recovery of Hearing after Acoustic Trauma","volume":"77","author":"Mizutari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66754","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11479","article-title":"Wnt activation followed by Notch inhibition promotes mitotic hair cell regeneration in the postnatal mouse cochlea","volume":"7","author":"Ni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crispino, G., Di Pasquale, G., Scimemi, P., Rodriguez, L., Ramirez, F.G., De Siati, R.D., Santarelli, R.M., Arslan, E., Bortolozzi, M., and Chiorini, J.A. (2011). BAAV Mediated GJB2 Gene Transfer Restores Gap Junction Coupling in Cochlear Organotypic Cultures from Deaf Cx26Sox10Cre Mice. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023279"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2013.59","article-title":"Virally expressed connexin26 restores gap junction function in the cochlea of conditional Gjb2 knockout mice","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene Ther."}],"container-title":["Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/4\/623\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:34:02Z","timestamp":1760362442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1999-4915\/13\/4\/623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["v13040623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13040623","relation":{},"ISSN":["1999-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1999-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]}}}