{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T20:02:08Z","timestamp":1778961728472,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>So far, only a few reports about reinfections with SARS-CoV-2 have been published, and they often lack detailed immunological and virological data. We report about a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with a genetically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variant in an immunocompetent female healthcare worker that has led to a mild disease course. No obvious viral escape mutations were observed in the second virus variant. The infectious virus was shed from the patient during the second infection episode despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies in her blood. Our data indicate that a moderate immune response after the first infection, but not a viral escape, did allow for reinfection and live virus shedding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T21:47:33Z","timestamp":1618264053000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in a Healthcare Worker Despite the Presence of Detectable Neutralizing Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Thomas Theo","family":"Brehm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"I.Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-6557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Pfefferle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Stra\u00dfe 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-9401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"von Possel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Stra\u00dfe 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Kobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"N\u00f6rz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schmiedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0940-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Grundhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany"},{"name":"Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flaminia","family":"Olearo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Platon","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff and Faculty Health Services, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staff and Faculty Health Services, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2591-6387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes K.","family":"Knobloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistra\u00dfe 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