{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:37:26Z","timestamp":1790836646046,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) lies in between satellite viruses and viroids, as its unique molecular characteristics and life cycle cannot categorize it according to the standard taxonomy norms for viruses. Being a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HDV requires HBV envelope glycoproteins for its infection cycle and its transmission. HDV pathogenesis varies and depends on the mode of HDV and HBV infection; a simultaneous HDV and HBV infection will lead to an acute hepatitis that will resolve spontaneously in the majority of patients, whereas an HDV super-infection of a chronic HBV carrier will mainly result in the establishment of a chronic HDV infection that may progress towards cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With this review, we aim to unravel Ariadne\u2019s thread into the labyrinth of acute and chronic HDV infection pathogenesis and will provide insights into the complexity of this exciting topic by detailing the different players and mechanisms that shape the clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1619648947000},"page":"778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["HDV Pathogenesis: Unravelling Ariadne\u2019s Thread"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eirini D.","family":"Tseligka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Cl\u00e9ment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2019.03.009","article-title":"A review on hepatitis D: From virology to new therapies","volume":"17","author":"Mentha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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