{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:31:14Z","timestamp":1772253074494,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PT17\/0009\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT17\/0009\/0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010666","name":"H2020 Research Infrastructures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["676559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["676559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During recent decades West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreaks have continuously occurred in the Mediterranean area. In August 2020 a new WNV outbreak affected 71 people with meningoencephalitis in Andalusia and six more cases were detected in Extremadura (south-west of Spain), causing a total of eight deaths. The whole genomes of four viruses were obtained and phylogenetically analyzed in the context of recent outbreaks. The Andalusian viral samples belonged to lineage 1 and were relatively similar to those of previous outbreaks which occurred in the Mediterranean region. Here we present a detailed analysis of the outbreak, including an extensive phylogenetic study. As part on this effort, we implemented a local Nextstrain server, which has become a constituent piece of regional epidemiological surveillance, wherein forthcoming genomes of environmental samples or, eventually, future outbreaks, will be included.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T22:51:42Z","timestamp":1620255102000},"page":"836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Phylogenetic Analysis of the 2020 West Nile Virus (WNV) Outbreak in Andalusia (Spain)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1774-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos S.","family":"Casimiro-Soriguer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundaci\u00f3n Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Perez-Florido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundaci\u00f3n Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Fernandez-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundaci\u00f3n Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1565-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Pedrosa-Corral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Virus de Andaluc\u00eda, Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Guillot-Sulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Virus de Andaluc\u00eda, Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud P\u00fablica y Ordenaci\u00f3n Farmac\u00e9utica, Consejer\u00eda de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, 41020, Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Javier","family":"Martinez-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer\u2014University of Granada\u2014Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5227-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M.","family":"Navarro-Mar\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Virus de Andaluc\u00eda, Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquin","family":"Dopazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundaci\u00f3n Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"ELIXIR.ES\/FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1859-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Sanbonmatsu-G\u00e1mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Referencia de Virus de Andaluc\u00eda, Servicio de Microbiolog\u00eda, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1144","article-title":"Emerging flaviviruses: The spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses","volume":"10","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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