{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T07:43:50Z","timestamp":1777275830535,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with COVID-19 can require radiological examination, with chest CT being more frequent than neuro-imaging. The objective is to identify epidemiological, clinical and radiological factors considered as predictors of neurological involvement in patients with COVID-19 assessed by neuroimaging and to describe the neuroimaging findings. This retrospective study was performed with 232 consecutive confirmed COVID-19 patients, from two radiological units, which were divided into two groups: (1) those who underwent a brain CT\/MRI scan (n = 35) versus (2) those who did not undergo the brain CT\/MRI scan, but underwent only chest CT (n = 197). There was a statistically significant difference with associations regarding the COVID-19 brain scan group for: admission to ICU, greater severity of lung injuries, the use of a mechanical ventilator and sepsis. Statistical tendency was found for chronic renal failure and systemic arterial hypertension. Forty-percent of COVID-19 patients from the brain scan group were abnormal on brain CT and\/or brain MRI (22.9% of the cases with bleeding or microbleeding, 8.6% with restricted diffusion lesions). One ischemic stroke case was associated with irregularity at the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery. There was a case of left facial nerve palsy with enhancement of the left geniculate ganglia. An analysis of the olfactory bulbs was possible in 12 brain MRIs and 100% had enhancement and\/or microbleeding. In conclusion, a more severe COVID-19 disease from ICU, a more severe form of lung disease, the use of mechanical ventilator and sepsis were associated to the COVID-19 patients with neurological involvement who had undergone brain scans. Microvascular phenomenon was a frequent finding in the brain and olfactory bulbs evaluated by neuroimaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1620426984000},"page":"845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinical and Radiological Profiles of COVID-19 Patients with Neurological Symptomatology: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Aragao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Anatomy Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro Diagnostico Multimagem, Recife 50070-450, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Post Graduation on Helth Human Communation, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"},{"name":"Real Hospital Portugu\u00eas de Benefic\u00eancia em Pernambuco, Recife 50050-290, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7701-983X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Medicina do Recife, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ocelio","family":"Cartaxo Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real Hospital Portugu\u00eas de Benefic\u00eancia em Pernambuco, Recife 50050-290, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Aragao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Department, Hospital 9 de Julho, S\u00e3o Paulo 01409-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real Hospital Portugu\u00eas de Benefic\u00eancia em Pernambuco, Recife 50050-290, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Valenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Medicina do Recife, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Leao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Medicina do Recife, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Aragao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Olinda, Olinda 53030-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Propedeutics Department, \u00c1reas de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas 57072-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Morphological and Functional Organization 1, 2 and 3, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Cesmac, Alagoas 57051-160, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirelle","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real Hospital Portugu\u00eas de Benefic\u00eancia em Pernambuco, Recife 50050-290, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Caldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real Hospital Portugu\u00eas de Benefic\u00eancia em Pernambuco, Recife 50050-290, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Surgery Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Valenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, P\u00f3s Graduation Neuropsquiatry Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E274","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202197","article-title":"Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy in a COVID-19 Pediatric Patient","volume":"297","author":"Mirzaee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2020-000431","article-title":"Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: A single center, retrospective, observational study","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. 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