{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:11:30Z","timestamp":1788459090948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a worldwide public health problem and, although many of them are curable, they continue to be neglected, especially in areas with a low human development index, such as in the northern region of Brazil. This review describes the results of 30 years of studies at the Virus Laboratory at the Federal University of Par\u00e1, including the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, HTLV-1\/2, HPV, HBV, Treponema pallidum and Chlamydia trachomatis among urban and non-urban populations, and also in vulnerable groups in the Brazilian Amazon. Control strategies and challenges in preventing STIs are discussed considering this immense geographic region, where essential health services are unable to reach the entire population, especially the most vulnerable, such as female sex workers, people who use illicit drugs, remnants of quilombolos and indigenous communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T22:36:24Z","timestamp":1620426984000},"page":"855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Epidemiological Impact of STIs among General and Vulnerable Populations of the Amazon Region of Brazil: 30 years of Surveillance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4571-4715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Fernando Almeida","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66.075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0312-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Roberto de Souza","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66.075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Alice Freitas","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66.075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4888-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldemir Branco","family":"Oliveira-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Popula\u00e7\u00f5es Vulner\u00e1veis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bragan\u00e7a 68.600-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izaura Maria Vieira","family":"Cayres-Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66.075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1135-6507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Carlos Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66.075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlu\u00edsa de Oliveira Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66.075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ishak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66.075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica\u2014IBGE (2021, February 02). \u00cdndice de Desenvolvimento Humano\u2014IDH, Available online: https:\/\/cidades.ibge.gov.br\/brasil\/pa\/pesquisa\/37\/3025530\/01\/21."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2021, March 01). 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