{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:04:37Z","timestamp":1791421477856,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University College Ghent","award":["Quantitative phage control for safe treatment of bacterial invasive species in cystic fibrosis pa-tients\u201d (MUCOPHAGE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Quantitative phage control for safe treatment of bacterial invasive species in cystic fibrosis pa-tients\u201d (MUCOPHAGE)"]}]},{"name":"ROYAL HIGHER INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE","award":["HFM 15-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HFM 15-5"]}]},{"name":"Natural Environment Research Council ACCE DTP Studentship","award":["1517986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1517986"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In Belgium, the incorporation of phages into magistral preparations for human application has been permitted since 2018. The stability of such preparations is of high importance to guarantee quality and efficacy throughout treatments. We evaluated the ability to preserve infectivity of four different phages active against three different bacterial species in five different buffer and infusion solutions commonly used in medicine and biotechnological manufacturing processes, at two different concentrations (9 and 7 log pfu\/mL), stored at 4 \u00b0C. DPBS without Ca2+ and Mg2+ was found to be the best option, compared to the other solutions. Suspensions with phage concentrations of 7 log pfu\/mL were unsuited as their activity dropped below the effective therapeutic dose (6\u20139 log pfu\/mL), even after one week of storage at 4 \u00b0C. Strong variability between phages was observed, with Acinetobacter baumannii phage Acibel004 being stable in four out of five different solutions. We also studied the long term storage of lyophilized staphylococcal phage ISP, and found that the titer could be preserved during a period of almost 8 years when sucrose and trehalose were used as stabilizers. After rehydration of the lyophilized ISP phage in saline, the phage solutions remained stable at 4 \u00b0C during a period of 126 days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T02:54:58Z","timestamp":1620615298000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Evaluation of the Stability of Bacteriophages in Different Solutions Suitable for the Production of Magistral Preparations in Belgium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hans","family":"Duyvejonck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center Health &amp; Water Technology, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, B-9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2566-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya","family":"Merabishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Gent, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-203X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Vaneechoutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"de Soir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK"},{"name":"Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Dover Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville-Petri","family":"Friman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Verbeken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"De Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6863-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Pirnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Van Mechelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center Health &amp; Water Technology, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, B-9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3710-800X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan J. T.","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center Health &amp; Water Technology, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, B-9000 Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pirnay, J.-P., Verbeken, G., Ceyssens, P.-J., Huys, I., De Vos, D., Ameloot, C., and Fauconnier, A. (2018). The magistral phage. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10020064"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merabishvili, M., Vervaet, C., Pirnay, J.-P., De Vos, D., Verbeken, G., Mast, J., Chanishvili, N., and Vaneechoutte, M. (2013). Stability of Staphylococcus aureus phage ISP after freeze-drying (lyophilization). PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068797"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Merabishvili, M. (2014). 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