{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:59:54Z","timestamp":1760234394082,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012524","name":"ALSAC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALSAC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALSAC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH NCI","award":["P30CA21765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA21765"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The year 2021 marks the 40th anniversary since physicians recognized symptoms of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease that has since caused more than 30 million deaths worldwide. Despite the passing of four decades, there remains no licensed vaccine for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiologic agent of AIDS. Despite the development of outstanding anti-retroviral drugs, there are currently more than one-half million deaths each year due to AIDS. Here, we revisit a conventional vaccine strategy used for protection against variable pathogens like HIV-1, which combines an array of diverse surface antigens. The strategy uses antibody recognition patterns to categorize viruses and their surface antigens into groups. Then a leader is assigned for each group and group leaders are formulated into vaccine cocktails. The group leaders are \u2018natural mosaics\u2019, because they share one or more epitope(s) with each of the other group members. We encourage the application of this conventional approach to HIV-1 vaccine design. We suggest that the partnering of an antibody-instructed envelope cocktail with new vaccine vectors will yield a successful vaccine in the HIV-1 field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T22:53:40Z","timestamp":1620773620000},"page":"884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Harnessing Natural Mosaics: Antibody-Instructed, Multi-Envelope HIV-1 Vaccine Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Sealy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Dayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 N. St Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, May 07). 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