{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:29:39Z","timestamp":1784291379523,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) was proven to play a significant role in cancer development in the oropharynx. However, its role in the development of laryngeal (LSCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) remains to be clarified. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) viral proteins E6 and E7 are considered to be pertinent to HPV-related carcinogenesis. Hence, our aim was to estimate LSCC and HPSCC for HR-HPV DNA, p16, and E6\/E7 oncoprotein status by using molecular virology and immunohistochemistry methods. The prevalence of HPV16 infection was 22\/41 (53.7%) and 20\/31 (64.5%) for LSCC and HPSCC, accordingly. The majority of HPV16+ tumor samples were stage III or IV. In most samples, the presence of either HPV16 E6 or HPV16 E7 viral protein in dysplastic or tumor cells was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest a high prevalence of HPV16 as a primary HR-HPV type in LSCC and HPSCC. The lack of HPV E6\/E7 oncoproteins in some tumor samples may suggest either the absence of viral integration or the presence of other mechanisms of tumorigenesis. The utilization of p16 IHC as a surrogate marker of HR-HPV infection is impractical in LSCC and HPSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T23:16:46Z","timestamp":1622157406000},"page":"1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Identification of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus DNA, p16, and E6\/E7 Oncoproteins in Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrejs","family":"Lifsics","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of otolaryngology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Pilso\u0146u 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerija","family":"Groma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Kronvalda blvd 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6883-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksims","family":"Cistjakovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, R\u0101tsup\u012btes 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3589-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Skuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, Kronvalda blvd 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renars","family":"Deksnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Oncology Centre of Latvia, Riga Eastern University Hospital, Hipokr\u0101ta 2, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modra","family":"Murovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, R\u0101tsup\u012btes 5, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, April 24). 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