{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:30:17Z","timestamp":1790512217434,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Viruses"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gamma delta (\u03b3\u03b4) T cells form an unconventional subset of T lymphocytes that express a T cell receptor (TCR) consisting of \u03b3 and \u03b4 chains. Unlike conventional \u03b1\u03b2 T cells, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells share the immune signature of both the innate and the adaptive immunity. These features allow \u03b3\u03b4 T cells to act in front-line defense against infections and tumors, rendering them an attractive target for immunotherapy. The role of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been the focus of intense research for several years, particularly in the context of transplantation, as CMV reactivation remains a major cause of transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie CMV immune responses could enable the design of novel \u03b3\u03b4 T cell-based therapeutic approaches. In this regard, the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-cell TCR sequencing have allowed in-depth characterization of CMV-induced TCR repertoire changes. In this review, we try to shed light on recent findings addressing the adaptive role of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in CMV immunosurveillance and revisit CMV-induced TCR reshaping in the era of NGS. Finally, we will demonstrate the favorable and unfavorable effects of CMV reactive \u03b3\u03b4 T cells post-transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1622432729000},"page":"1031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Revisiting the Role of \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells in Anti-CMV Immune Response after Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5277-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Gaballa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 51132, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Alagrafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Uhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arwen","family":"Stikvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0200267","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200267","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in the adult population of Germany","volume":"13","author":"Lachmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00105","article-title":"gammadelta T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Cytomegalovirus Infection","volume":"8","author":"Khairallah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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